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Question: Case# 2 Hillsboro County Home Health Agency, Inc. Given the case study provided in Week 1, p…

Case# 2 Hillsboro County Home Health Agency, Inc.

Given the case study provided in Week 1, provide a 2-page draft high level outline of your strategic plan. Your outline should include the following:http://tutorsnest.com

Strategic Management Plan
1. Mission statement (provided in the case study)
1. Vision statement
1. Core values
  1. Value #1
  1. Value #2
  1. Value #3
  1. Value #4
  1. Value #5
1. SWOT analysis
  1. Strengths
    1. #1
    1. #2
    1. #3
  1. Weaknesses
    1. #1
    1. #2
    1. #3
  1. Opportunities
    1. #1
    1. #2
    1. #3
  1. Threats
    1. #1
    1. #2
    1. #3
1. Grand strategies or long-term strategic priorities (3–5)
  1. Strategic Priority #1
  1. Strategic Priority #2
  1. Strategic Priority #3
  1. Strategic Priority #4
  1. Strategic Priority #5
Operational and Tactical Plan (for each Strategic Priority listed above)
1. Strategic Priority #1 (2–4)
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
1. Strategic Priority #2 (2–4)
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
1. Strategic Priority #3 (2–4)
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
1. Strategic Priority #4 (2–4)
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
1. Strategic Priority #5
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
  1. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
Evaluation Plan
Change management plan, including the following:
1. The size of the change and its impact on the community and the organization
1. The organization’s readiness for change
1. Change management strategy
1. Team structure and responsibilities
1. Champion roles and responsibilities
1. Planning and implementation
1. Communications plan
1. Resistance management plan
1. Training plan
1. Incentives and celebration of key milestones and successes
1. Timeline/schedule of activities
1. Budget for change management

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Research Paper

Write a research paper about the single-trait genetic disorder you selected in Unit III Annotated Bibliography and include the information listed below.

Include a thesis statement that clearly and concisely states the paper’s purpose.
Describe the single-trait genetic disorder you selected.
State whether it is a dominant or recessive disorder.
State whether it is sex-linked or autosomal recessive disorder.
State the genotype or possible genotypes of a person with the disorder.
Relate the genotype to phenotype of a person with the disorder and define phenotype.
Describe the symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis.
Discuss treatment options, including medicines/alternative treatments.
Describe incidence rate or statistics.
Describe what can be done to reduce the incidence rates.
Include a Punnett square of the parents that could produce offspring with the disorder.
Include the ratios of each genotype and phenotype produced by the cross.

Within your discussion of the above items, include definitions for the terms listed below:

single-trait genetic disorder,
dominant and recessive,
sex-linked trait and autosomal disorder,
genotype and phenotype, and
heterozygous and homozygous.

Include any other interesting facts. Your research paper must be at least three full pages in length and include an introduction, a body with a review and discussion of literature, and a conclusion. Please include an APA formatted title page. You are required to cite at least two peer-reviewed references, and two of your own choosing, for a minimum of four references. One source must be from the CSU Online Library. You are encouraged to use the references from the Unit III Annotated Bibliography assignment, but it is not a requirement. For more information on locating sources, view the following tutorial:How to Find Peer-Reviewed ResourcesAdhere to APA Style when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations and references for all sources that are used.

ACHE Leadership Competencies

Leadership competencies are essential to the success of health care leaders. Many of these competencies are developed through on-the-job training, administrative fellowship programs, professional conferences, and graduate education. As a graduate student, it is important that you are able to assess your own leadership competencies and develop a professional improvement plan to hone your skills and become an effective industry leader. For this Discussion, you examine the ACHE leadership competencies and consider how you might improve your own leadership skills.

To prepare:

Review the document, ACHE Healthcare Executive 2019 Competencies Assessment Tool, which is in this. Focus on the leadership competencies.
Reflect on whether you meet these leadership competencies, and consider your strengths and weaknesses.

Post a 3 paragraph cohesive response to the following:

Assess whether you meet the ACHE leadership competencies. Then, recommend at least three strategies to better meet competencies by building on your strengths and improving your weaknesses. Defend your recommendations. Support your response by identifying and explaining key points and/or examples presented in the Learning Resources (ALL ATTACHED BELOW).

Question 2

Module 02 Course Project – Situation Analysis

For phase II of your marketing plan, you will develop a Situation Analysis. The Situation Analysis follows the Executive Summary and table of contents in the marketing plan. This will be the first section of the plan. The purpose of the Situation Analysis is for the marketer to assess the situation and the market in which the company competes. The Situation Analysis contains background information on trends, competitors, market needs, target markets, and products.
The Situation Analysis is an in-depth report, as it contains numerous elements. Your Situation Analysis begins with a Market Summary, followed by a SWOT Analysis, Competitive Review, and Product Review.
Complete your Situation Analysis by providing 1-2 paragraphs covering each of the following areas:

Target Markets: Provide information on your target market. Who will you be targeting and why? What are the demographics for your target market? What geographic areas are you targeting and why?
Market Needs: What are the market needs? What unmet need will your product or service meet? How will your product benefit your customers?
Market Trends and Growth: Are there any market trends that you will be capitalizing on? Discuss Online and Internet market trends and how you will leverage them? Has there been any growth in the market? Please provide specifics.
SWOT Analysis: List the key product strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
Competitive Review: Identify key competitors, describe their position in the market, and briefly discuss their strategies.
Product Review: Discuss the main features and benefits of your product.

Here is my original Executive summary to go off of below

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Question 3

Technical writing

Crehating a FAQ for a hi Website
Review the Strayer University website to find an opportunity to write a FAQ that does not exist but would be useful to an intended audience. Your assignment must be focused on providing a new resource that is focused towards a Strayer University audience such as current, future, or past students. Some examples of an area of interest appropriate for one or more of these audience could be:

Campus-specific information.
Graduation requirements.
Online student services
Veteran student services.

Be sure to select just a single area to focus your FAQ on. Clarity and focus in the information you are providing is a vital consideration to creating an effective FAQ.
You will format the document as if it would be going on the Website, but you will write the document in Microsoft Word or equivalent word processing software.
Write a 1–2 page FAQ sheet in which you pose and answer five questions for the intended audience and purpose. On a separate page within the same document, write a paragraph that identifies the intended audience and purpose of the FAQ sheet you have created. (Submit one document in total with both components included.) Your assignment cannot be graded without this analysis.
In your document, you should:

Match the intended audience and purpose for situation and tone.
Format FAQ Web page(s) accurately and according to the details in the textbook.

This includes providing working and ADA accessible links as needed (again, see your textbook).

Ensure that content is measured, concise, and applicable.

Remember you need to answer the FAQ questions that you create for your topic.

Craft a document that is easy to read.

Remember, your FAQ must be targeted towards a relevant Strayer University audience and topic.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

This course requires use of the Strayer Writing Standards (SWS).
Must be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow SWS or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

PLEASE NOTE ATTACHED IS A SAMPLE ON HOW THE ASSIGNMENT SHOULD LOOK LIKE.
THANK YOU.

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Question 4

Business law

Under the law, the following nine textual statements were to be included on cigarette labels:

WARNING: Cigarettes are addictive.
WARNING: Tobacco smoke can harm your children.
WARNING: Cigarettes cause fatal lung disease.
WARNING: Cigarettes cause cancer.
WARNING: Cigarettes cause strokes and heart disease.
WARNING: Smoking during pregnancy can harm your baby.
WARNING: Smoking can kill you.
WARNING: Tobacco smoke causes fatal lung diseases in nonsmokers.
WARNING: Quitting smoking now greatly reduces serious risks to your health.

The act required that these warnings and graphic labels take up 50 percent of the cigarette package label and 20 percent of all cigarette ads.
After publishing the proposed rule and receiving more than 1,700 comments, the FDA published its final rule in June 2011. Explain how the tobacco companies could challenge the rules.
(1) Discuss whether the rules will be set aside and why.
(2) In answering the question, please define what is an administrative agency and the purpose administrative agencies serves
(3) Please specifically mention what the FDA regulates.

Also please answer questions attached separately from discussion board

You must post an original comment of 150-250 words with citation to sources used, such as eText page references and/or credible websites)

Question 5

Module 02 Course Project – Situation Analysis

Here is my original Executive summary to go off of below

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Question 6

SMGT 632 Discussion Board

Topic: Your task for this discussion question is to use the Sports Business Journal, and any other sources you locate, to share unique and creative sales ideas from professional or college sports. When presenting your favorite sales promotions, please describe the promotion and share why you think it is or would be successful.

Based on the current issue or any archived issues of the Sports Business Journal, please research this topic and support your opinion with a citation or citations. As a convenience for your colleagues in the class, please provide the name of the Sports Business Journal article you locate, as well as the year and month of the publication. In your thread, use one additional resource and one Scripture references, above and beyond what is found in the Sports Business Journal, to support your opinion. Please provide appropriate citations according to APA format.

Be sure to read the specific directions for successfully answering discussion questions for this course.

Question 7

M3 Assignment 2 Submission

Free Sample

Instructions
M3 Assignment 2: LASA 1—Financial Decisions
In both your professional and personal life, you will make a variety of decisions. You should consider the financial and nonfinancial aspects while making decisions. To evaluate scenarios, you will also use some tools such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return (MIRR), payback, discounted payback, and return on investment (ROI) that you have discussed so far.
In this assignment, you will evaluate the financial aspects of making decisions.
Tasks:
Investigate any two of the following four financial decisions:
1) Using net present value calculations, determine which has a higher ROI. Assume the average mileage under both options is 15,000 miles. The car will be sold for its Kelly Blue Book value at the end of ownership or it will be returned to the leasing dealership for no additional lease/return/mileage cost. The automobile being considered is a 4-cyl, 2.5 liter, two-wheel drive, Nissan Rogue sport utility. At the end of the 6 years, the automobile is in very good condition. Tax, title, or license fees are not considered under either option.

Buying a Nissan Rogue today for $32,000, putting $10,000 down and taking a six-year loan for the rest at 4%

Leasing the Rogue for 6 years at $360 a month with a down payment of $3,500 due at delivery. The car must be returned at the end of the lease. 15,000 miles per year are allowed under this lease plan.

Show your work and explain your rationale.
2) Commit to buy a vacation home in the climate of your choice, rent the home out when you are not using it, or sign a five-year lease for the home for the two months a year you plan on using it. You will need to make up the numbers for your home for this exercise.

3) A different buy-or-lease alternative—you could buy a home for $300,000, putting 20% down and renting it out at $1,700 a month. Which would make more financial sense? Buying or leasing the home? Explain your rationale.
4)Lease your home for the next three years or sell it with the intent to return to the same geographic area after you complete a three-year expatriate assignment in the country of your choice. Given the facts above, should you lease the house or sell it? The current market value is approximately $320,000. Explain your rationale, and show your work.
For the two options that you selected (and using the figures given above for those options), investigate the realistic assumptions for your location and include the information you found in the analysis. Create a paper in about 1,000–1,200 words, including the following:

Initial information/approach: purchase price, rebate, down payment, amount to finance, etc.
Payments formulas and calculations
Explanation of the financial factors that you are employing in the selected decisions
Conclusion containing the “best answer” for your personal life on the basis of these financial factors
Probability of following the recommended “best answer” (assuming that these are the only decision options)

Submission Details:

By the due date assigned, save your paper as M3_A2_lastname_firstinitial.doc and submit it to the Submissions Area.

This LASA is worth 200 points and will be graded according to the following rubric.
Grading CriteriaMaximum PointsCommunicates understanding of financial factors employed in the selected decisions.40Communicates the ability to analyze the situation and provide optimal conclusions on the basis of financial factors.80Communicates the ability to assess the probability of following the recommended solutions60Conveys through written word understanding and application of the essential assignment components20Total:200

Question 9

Operational Risk and Toyota

Toyota Homework Questions

Toyota Motor Corporation, common known simply as Toyota, is one of the famous automaker all over the world. Toyota is a multinational corporation headquartered in Japan and the world’s largest automaker by sales. Toyota is the largest automotive manufacturers. In 2007, Toyota Motor Corporation listed in the world’s 500 largest companies (Fortune Global 500). Nowadays Toyota is the world’s largest automotive manufacturers, are sold worldwide every year up to 7. 5 million different types of vehicles.
Toyota is also the brand’s parent company of Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino. Until to the March of 2003, the company’s total numbers of 65,551 employees, with all associated companies, there were totaling 264,096 employees. It is the largest in Japan, and the world’s third-largest business. Toyota’s overseas production networks have 50 foreign located in 27 countries and regions (Not included Japan). In addition, Toyota has also sold more than 170 countries worldwide.
The company risk faced by the Toyota’s such as the operation risk which includes industry and business risk, financial market and economic risks, political, regulatory and legal risks and other risk that faced by the company could significantly influence the decisions of the investors. Toyota is also facing the same risk in their global market where the demand for automobiles is affected by a number of factors which includes the social, political and general economic conditions, introduction of new vehicles and technologies, and price incurred by customers to purchase and operate vehicles.

Industry and business risk that Toyota regularly faces in the automotive market is highly competitive in the market which may influence Toyota to deal with the competition from the same automotive manufactures it operates. In the market where Toyota compete with other automotive manufactures are from the aspects of product quality and features, safety, reliability, the amount of time required for innovation and development, pricing, fuel economy, customer service and the terms of financing. The highly competitive market may lead to the lower the sales unit of the vehicle.
Besides that, Toyota is also faced with the risk which comes from the worldwide automotive industry which is highly volatile. Toyota market can be considerable volatility in demand and it is largely dependend on the social, political, and economic conditions. The weakness in the demand of Toyota will affect the financial condition and results of operations. Therefore, the volatility demand of Toyota may influence them into lower unit sales and cause the downward price pressure which in turn will affect Toyota’s current financial position and results of operation.
Furthermore, financial market and economic risks is also apparent to Toyota which included the fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rate. Toyota are constantly exposed to the fluctuations of the currency in U. S. dollar, euro and to a less extent which is the Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, British pound and other currencies. Toyota primarily uses the currency of Yen in their trade. These fluctuations affect the way Toyota does their business.
Other than that, Toyota’s also face with the translation and transaction risk through the unstable of the exchange rate and therefore influence the consolidated financial statements that are presented in Japanese Yen. Changes in the foreign currency exchange rates may cause the company risk to increase because their product pricing and raw material that purchased from the other country can be directly affected. The company must manage effectively to avoid the negative impact from the fluctuation of the foreign currency exchange rate and the changes in the interest rate.
Other than that, Toyota is also facing the risk in the high prices of raw materials which they use in manufacturing their products. In the manufacturing work the raw material such as the steel, precious metals, non-ferrous alloys, aluminum, and plastic parts. The increase in price of the material cost may lead to the higher production cost for Toyota. The high price in the production cost must be bear by Toyota because they can’t pass all those costs on to its customers or absorb by their suppliers. In the long term, the high price of the production cost will affect the Toyota’s future profitability.
Therefore, the increase in price of the raw material cost must be manage well by the Toyota, if not it may lead to the company risk. (Toyota annual report, 2012) Political, regulatory and legal risk is also facing by the Toyota. The automotive company may face the various governmental laws and regulations which may influence the way of company doing their business. Most of the governmental and regulatory risk facing by the Toyota which regard to vehicle safety and environmental matter such as those emission levels, fuel economy, noise and pollution.
Toyota is required to implement the safety measures. The safety measures that must be implementing are like recalls for vehicles that do not or may not comply with the safety standards of laws and governmental regulations. The significant costs that incur for the Toyota in order to implementing the safety measures which is to meet the laws and governmental regulations may cause the Toyota’s financial condition and results of operations adversely affected. (Toyota annual report, 2012) There are various legal proceedings that Toyota may face.
The legal proceedings of various issues are regarding the product liability and infringement of intellectual property. Lastly, the political instabilities, fuel shortages or interruptions in transportation systems, natural calamities, wars, terrorism and labor strikes is the risk which subject to Toyota that conducting their business worldwide. Any occurrence of these events in the market that Toyota purchases materials part and components may result in delays in the operations of Toyota’s business which may adversely affect Toyota’s financial condition and their operation performance.
Besides that, there are other global risks that Toyota may have to face and manage it. Other global risk management that Toyota tries to manage includes those operation risk management, commodity price risk management, and Toyota reputational risk management. Those are also the important strategies that managed by the Toyota to reduce their company risk. Firstly, the operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from the failed or inadequate company internal controls and corporate governance.
These risks can occur in many forms including the error in doing business, failure of their internal control and causes by the company’s employees or those contracted to perform services for the company that and the vendors that do not perform in accordance with Toyota’s contractual agreement. Therefore, these event should be well manage to avoid any potentially losses or the damages which may dangerous the position of the company. Toyota managed those operational risks by adopting the several strategies to reduce the risk that they facing globally.
They diversifying their company operation and financing which exposure to the risk such as localized much of their production by constructing production units in the countries which they operates globally. Toyota can match the desired currencies of local revenue with local expenses through their local operation because they can easy to purchase most of the supplies and resources used in the production process. For example, Toyota can ask its suppliers in Malaysia to settle all the bills using Ringgit Malaysia.
This reduces Toyota’s exposure to changes in the value of Ringgit Malaysia. Other than that, Toyota takes the advantages in interest rate differentials by raising the funds in more than one place. This strategies is called diversify of its finance. For example is like Toyota borrows money from the different country such as Japan, United States or Europe which is simple to take the advantages of the interest rate differentials. They will borrow from the country where they expected the interest rate at that country may fall.
For example, if Toyota borrows from America and they expected the fall of interest rate in America which will lead to a fall in the value of dollars in relation to the YEN. Toyota, by taking the advantages of the interest rate in America will make loan and other commitments denominated in dollars less expensive in Yen terms. Therefore, Toyota will gain from the expected depreciation of dollar. Commodity price risk also one of the global risk that facing by the Toyota. As the commodity prices rises, the Toyota exposure to the changes in commodity prices which may directly influence their business operations.
The increase in the commodity prices will increase the will increase the company cost as well. The increase in the cost of the customer which cannot pass to the customer or absorb by the supplier can affected the company’s profit margin. The high or low in commodity price like non-ferrous alloys like aluminum, precious metals like palladium, platinum and rhodium and ferrous alloys that use by the company in their production of the motor vehicles may decide the high or low cost in the Toyota production.
However, the Toyota does not use the derivative instruments to hedge the fluctuation of the commodity price risk. They manage their commodities price risk by holding the minimum stock levels. Other than the operational risk management and commodities price risk management, the reputation risk management also important to the company of Toyota that operates globally. Toyota carries out their business with major operations in distant locations from corporate headquarters need to adopt a principle-based, rather than a entralized, rule-based approach to reputation building.

Toyota has hundreds of companies headquartered in other countries will have different culture and facing the different situation and image. Besides that, Toyota also putting their effort to built its reputation of the company on quality and reliability of their product. However, the incidence of the brake problem had caused their long-term reputation drops. They are trying to solve the problem and various actions had been taken to gain back their customer confidence toward their product.
The reputation is not built by one night but it needs the long term effort to gain the image of customer to a company. Other than that, Toyota always try to create a faster, more flexible framework for making communications decisions across borders, cultures, and time zones when problems merge with globalize reputation management. Toyota is putting their effort to gain back their customer confidence and their company reputation.
The reputation is important for a company because it can mainly influence the company sales and profit margin. Other than that, the company also manage their globalize reputation by using the influencer mapping which is the process of identifying technical, social, and political influencers. This program should be the long term implement and ongoing program to build the good relationship between the company’s managers and engineers, and those influential outsiders from the different location.
Therefore, Toyota may try to integrated reputation management by building the long term relationship with government leaders and their staff members, regulators, and non-governmental organizations and political parties. This is the important part of the globalized reputational risk management. Lastly, Toyota should continue their effort in building their reputation in globalized so their image in automotive manufactures can be well maintain and increase their profit margin for the company.

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Question 10

BI week 7 D2

Provide a reflection of at least 500 words (or 2 pages double spaced) of how the knowledge, skills, or theories of this course have been applied, or could be applied, in a practical manner to your current work environment. If you are not currently working, share times when you have or could observe these theories and knowledge could be applied to an employment opportunity in your field of study.
Requirements:
Provide a 500 word (or 2 pages double spaced) minimum reflection.
Use of proper APA formatting and citations. If supporting evidence from outside resources is used those must be properly cited.
Share a personal connection that identifies specific knowledge and theories from this course.
Demonstrate a connection to your current work environment. If you are not employed, demonstrate a connection to your desired work environment.
You should NOT, provide an overview of the assignments assigned in the course. The assignment asks that you reflect how the knowledge and skills obtained through meeting course objectives were applied or could be applied in the workplace.

Course Name: Business Intelligence
Course Objective:
· Perform business reporting and visual analytics
· Understand management support system technologies
· Understand foundations and technologies for decision making
· Understand techniques for predictive modeling
Understand emerging trends and future impacts
Job Role: Software Developer

Question 11

Module 04 Course Project – Rough Draft

Writing the Rough Draft
As you begin to move beyond your initial outline and summary, your next step will be drafting. Drafting is a very important step in the writing process, but by no means should it be considered the final stage. In it you should focus on putting as much on paper as you can including your Purpose Statement (though it may eventually change), your supporting evidence, and analysis of the evidence. It is less important to worry about having all the correct words and punctuation as it is to work hard to express as much as you can about the topic. When you have completed the Rough Draft, you should be 90% done with the Final Project.
If it helps, think back to when you drafted your purpose statement in your outline. How has your work up to this point worked toward solving the issue you have identified? What have you unearthed as you have dug into your topic? Addressing similar questions to those from the earlier assignment in your introduction may help you find direction in your draft:

What is the problem?
When does the problem occur?
Who and/or what does it affect?
What are the potential solutions for the problem?
How can you present the solution(s) in a fair way to your audience, respecting their perspective(s)?

Your rough draft will consist of the bulk of your proposal’s content, and should include your proposal broken into four sections:

Purpose: Indicate the purpose statement and scope of your problem – tell us what you will be solving and why you believe it is an important issue.
Problem: Share what the actual problem is and any history that you have regarding it or additional problems that will branch from this initial problem.
Solution: Provide what your solution(s) to the problems are, and outline the steps that you think are needed to get to the solution.
Conclusion: Wrap it all up and provide a conclusion to the reader. Be sure to engage your reader by applying effective organization, appropriate tone, and clear usage.

Also, provide a reference page with a minimum of four references properly formatted in APA style. At least two of your references should be scholarly sources. At this stage, the draft should be between 3-to-5 pages plus the reference page.
Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.
Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. (Mac users, please remember to append the “.docx” extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below:
Jstudent_exampleproblem_101504

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Question 12

Comparative between Oedipus and Lord of the Flies

A person’s goals and ambitions often times do in fact interfere with the people around them. If someone is so determined to fulfill their dreams they often times do whatever it takes to do so, some people may even turn into a whole new person. Two characters from two different pieces of literature who face this struggle are: Oedipus from the play ‘Oedipus’ by Sophocles and Ralph from the novel ‘Lord of the Flies’ by William Golding.
Oedipus’ goal of seeking the killer of Lauis and finding out the truth about his life and Ralphs goal of survival and getting off the island both conflict with the others around them. Oedipus was very determined to figure out the truth about who killed King Lauis and the truth about his life and who his real parents were. The people around him kept telling him that he was the one who murdered Lauis and the woman, Jocasta that he was married to was in fact his biological mother and his father, who he had killed was Lauis. Oedipus of course could not face the truth and accept the fact that everyone was right so he was determined to keep seeking the killer.
Oedipus talks to the blind prophet, Teresias about the truth and he tells him the same thing that everyone else has been telling him all along, that his mother was his wife and the man he killed was Lauis and Lauis was his father. “You are the cursed polluter of this land“ (pg.38) and again Oedipus disagrees with him, Teresias then calls him blind because he could not face the truth. This causes interpersonal conflict because the both of the men then start insulting and fighting with each other. “When you prove me wrong then call me blind” (pg.38) Oedipus and Teresias argue and Oedipus says to him when you can prove me wrong about actually killing Lauis and that He and Jocasta were actually my parents then you can call me blind to the truth.

Before Oedipus accepts the fact that everyone was right he asks questions about where and when Lauis was killed because he ensures that it is actually the truth before he tells everyone he knows. (Did you not say that Lauis was killed in a place where 3 roads met?” (pg.46) . Oedipus makes himself look bad for not listening to what people say and just listening to himself and telling himself that nothing was true when it turns out it did. Oedipus then cannot live with himself for killing his biological father and then having a relationship with his mother so he then makes a decision to claw his eyes out and become blind because he was blind to the truth all along anyways.
Oedipus cannot live with what had happened in his life so he claws his eyes out because after all he was blind to the truth after all. Before he does so he states “ To a land of exile; brother as it shall be shown and father at once, to the children he cherishes , son and husband to the woman who bore him. Father-killer and father-supplanter” (pg.38) basically meaning that he knew he done wrong and that everyone was right, but he was a good man through it all. Overall, someone goals can on fact cause a person to have conflict and arguments with society around. Not only does Oedipus’ goals interfere with society around him in the play ‘Oedipus’ by Sophocles but also in the novel ‘Lord of the Flies’ by William Golding.
The character Ralph has a goal and desire of surviving to live on the island and also being rescued from the island. This struggle of the character, Ralph causes conflict with the other boys on the island because after being on the island, isolated from family and friends they basically change into other people or as they call themselves“animals”. They try to put order and rules in on the island for everyone to follow so they can at least be a little civil.
Everyone agrees to put Ralph in charge on the island but after a while of taking orders from him the boys separate, Ralph needed to rules to ensure survival but everyone eventually turned on him for it. “There was a ship out there, you said you’d keep the fire going and you let it out!” (pg.74) This quote is said by Ralph to the boys. Jack, another one of the boys on the island had a team of boys with him and their goal was to keep the fire going on top of the mountain just in case there had to be a ship out in the ocean, they were hoping there would be one out there so that the smoke from fire would inform the men/women from the ship that there were people on that island, but of course Jack did not complete this task, instead he and the boys went hunting, that is all they cared about it seemed.
Ralph gave each and every boy a job on the island and to be fair, they all had to finish them, but that is not the way it went down. Ralph noticed no one was doing their given task so he got mad. “Been working for days now and look! And they keep running off. You remember the meeting? How everyone was going to work hard until the shelters were finished” (pg.51). One of the boys, Simon had some medical problems with having seizures, one night they got bad and he ran out of the woods uncontrollably, he could not talk right, the other boys ran after him like a pack of wild animals, they had “mistaken” him for the beast that they thought had been on the island, the boys unknowingly killed him brutally, stabbing him continuously.
Afterwards Piggy and Ralph realized that it was not the beast that they had killed, it was actually Simon, they felt nothing but guilt, they felt that they could have been more cautious. Piggy tried to get rid of the guilt by saying they were under pressure because they were scared but they both knew that was not the case. “Don’t you understand,Piggy? The things we did.” (pg.173) Ralph talks about the things they did, referring to the death of the boy, Simon, you can tell that they felt guilt. “I wasn’t scared, I was – I don’t know what I was” (pg.173). Here Ralph states that he knew they were not scared of the thing that popped out of the woods, that turned out to be Simon, he knew that that was not the reason why everything went wrong, deep down they all knew that it was because of how much they changed and turned into savages from being isolated on the island with nothing.
In comparison of the two works, they both have similarities in terms of society being affect by a specific character. Both of the books are affected by setting as well, the characters, Ralph and Oedipus have goals that have to do with setting, which then causes conflict with society. In the play ‘Oedipus’ by Sophocles, Oedipus’ goal of setting is trying to figure out the truth of his life; who killed Lauis and who his real parents were. This causes conflict with the citizens around him because he constantly shuts people down when they try to help him and tell him the truth. “You are the cursed polluter of this land” (pg.38) Teresias states that the one who ruined the land was, Oedipus, him saying that then caused argument, because Oedipus listened to no one he just believed he was right.
Conflict with others helped him piece together the truth of his life, he then states “ To a land of exile; brother as it shall be shown and father at once, to the children he cherishes , son and husband to the woman who bore him. Father-killer and father-supplanter” (pg.38) it causes conflict with others because when Jocasta realized what had happened, she then killed herself. This play is similar to the novel “Lord of the Flies” by William Golding because the setting of the Lord of the Flies influence the goals of the character Ralph which then causes conflict with others, the setting in which the boys are in causes Ralph to have a goal of survival and to get off the island, he puts rules in order which not everyone agrees to so that then causes conflict and uproar on the island. “we’re on an island, we’ve been on the mountain top and seen water all around” (pg.31)

This shows when the boys have just arrived there and when they first realized where they actually were and that they were there alone. “we saw no houses, no smoke, no footprints, no boats, no people, we’re on an uninhabited island” (pg.31) this quote states the struggles they have ahead of them with being so young and having to be able to survive alone, Ralph knew they needed to put some order in so he does, he becomes captain but not everyone agrees with the jobs he puts in place, which is why it caused conflict. As you can see both of these books are similar in the sense of setting, and how it eventually aids in making conflict.
Overall these two pieces of literature do show how a person’s desires and goals, conflict and interfere with the ones around them, whether they mean to or not, sometimes they may not even mean too, but if someone is so determined to complete their goal it can have a big impact on people’s lives around you, it can affect the way they live for the rest of their lives.

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Question 13

If one character from 12th Night could feature in a Simpsons Episode, who would it be?

William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is a comedy about a young girl, Viola, who is separated from her twin brother due to a shipwreck. Viola dresses up as a man in order to make a living, but runs into some dilemmas along the way. During her endeavors, some interesting characters are introduced in Twelfth Night, one of whom is the humorous Sir Toby Belch. Sir Toby is Countess Olivia’s alcoholic uncle, who loves to play pranks and have fun. He could appear on an episode of the Simpsons, because he adds to the plot, and he has comedic potential guaranteed to appeal to Simpsons fans.
Sir Toby Belch would be a great guest star to appear on the episode “Twelfth Night, or Whatever.” because of his ability to add to the plot. Sir Toby is an alcoholic, and this could be greatly exaggerated in the Simpsons episode. In a scene from the play, the extent of Sir Toby’s alcoholism was portrayed when he commented “I’ll drink to [her] as long as there is a passage in my throat and drink in Illyria.” (1.3.35). This would be a sight to see, and maybe lead to Sir Toby drinking too much and learning a lesson. Sir Toby’s love of alcohol could be helpful in his interaction with other Simpsons’ characters.
For example, Sir Toby is seen persuading Sir Andrew to join him, saying “Come come, I’ll go burn some sack. ‘Tis too late to go to bed now.” (2.3.165)”. Seeing how he loves to interact with friends while drinking, he could easily become acquainted with Homer and his friends in settings like Moe’s Tavern. Perhaps they could could become drinking buddies. The interactions in their inebriated state could result in some very amusing and interesting scenes.

Sir Toby has a lot of comedic potential, which would be a big contributing factor to his character development. He is sure to stand out in this episode because of his silly antics, including his accidental wordplay. While Sir Toby is talking to Sir Andrew about dance, Sir Andrew gloats, “Faith, I can cut a caper.” Sir Toby responds, “And I can cut the mutton to ‘t’”. Sir Toby intentionally mistakes caper (dance) for caper (a condiment) (1.3.102-103) Sir Toby’s wordplay could be used to the character’s advantage in frustrating or confusing various Simpsons characters. Although he may be a careless, joyful man, he is also quite manipulative. Sir Toby is a prankster, and enjoys having fun at the expense of others.
During a conversation between Sir Andrew and Sir Toby, for example, Sir Toby manipulates Sir Andrew in order to benefit from his wealth. Sir Toby encourages Sir Andrew to stay by reassuring him that “She’ll none o’ the count. She’ll not match above her degree, neither in estate, years, nor wit. I have heard her swear it. Tut, there’s life in ‘t, man.” (1.3.105-107). Sir Toby gives Sir Andrew false hope so that he will be able use Sir Andrew’s money on alcohol. Sir Toby could easily provide a hilarious episode by manipulating and encouraging other characters to do ridiculous and stupid things.
Sir Toby would be a great character to make an appearance on an episode of The Simpsons because of his potential contributions and his ridiculous antics. Sir Toby would provide the most entertainment out of any other Twelfth Night character, which would prove to be valuable for for a comedy television show like the Simpsons.

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Question 14

Rikki Tikki Tavi Theme

Theme is a big idea we take away from a story after reading it. In the short story, “Risk Tick Davit” by Rudyard Kipling, the primary theme of the story is the Idea of good versus evil. Above all, Risk’s character represents good, and the cobras In the story represent evil. In Dalton, another possible theme for this short story could be courage versus fear. By and large, the story contains action and dialogue that helps us determine what the author wanted to reveal about mankind. Body Paragraph 1
Risk = Good Explain each characteristic of Risk’s through summarizing and quotations. Protective courageous loyal Kipling develops the character of Risk to represent the good in our world. Though Risk is somewhat of an underdog, he demonstrates protectiveness, courage, and loyalty. Risk’s protectiveness Is evident at the beginning of the story when he went to bed with Teddy, the young boy. He was awake on the pillow as Teddy was sleeping. Teddy’s mother didn’t like it, because she thought Risk might bite Teddy.
But Teddy’s ether explains, “He Is safer with that little beast than If he had a bloodhound to watch him. ” Rural was motivated to protect the family because he wanted to live with them. Courage was a trait Risk showed several times throughout the story, but when Nag came into the house through the sluice, he became very frightened when seeing the size of the big cobra. At that point, Risk began to reason and ask himself questions about what he should do. Then he says to himself, “It must be the head, the head above the hood; and, when I am once there, I must not let go.

Though he was afraid, he showed courage and never gave up even during the toughest battles. When Rural Interacted with Dare, he discovered that the tailboards were miserable because one of their babies fell out of the nest and Nag ate him. Risk demonstrated loyalty to his friends by standing up to Nag, the big black cobra, and asking him, ” Do you think It Is right for you to eat fledglings out of a nest? ” This loyalty helped him gain hero status with Dare and his wife. Body Paragraph 2 Anglia = Evil selfish 1 OFF determined Body Paragraph 3
Alternate claim Courage vs.. Fear Risk = courage Schnauzer = fear Conclusion: Kipling used the theme of good versus evil to help us think about what this means for mankind. When we demonstrate protectiveness, loyalty, and bravery we make life better for others not Just ourselves. If we are selfish and threatening, and our only goal is survival, then we aren’t contributing and making the world a better place. In conclusion, we learn that our focus in life should be to think about others before we think of ourselves in order to make a difference in the world.

Question 15

Situations Analysis Using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Essay Examples

CASE STUDY Use Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as a foundation for discussing the following four situations: Situation 1: Todd Jamison has heard a rumor that his job may be eliminated next month. His boss, Lucia Conti, is considering moving Todd to a more prestigious office in an effort to motivate higher performance in him. Situation 2: Hannah Saltzman has been with the company for twenty-five years. She makes very good money and is extremely competent at her job. She sat last week with her boss, Arthur Simms, and said that her job just wasn’t challenging her. She had received an intriguing job offer from a competitor.
She explained that she wanted to stay with the company, but would really like to be tackling some new problems. Arthur Simms offered her a twenty-five percent raise to stay. Situation 3: The Williams family is extremely poor. They have five children, and the children are always hungry, never sure when, or even if, they will see their next meal. Parents of other children in the neighborhood can’t understand why the Williams children show little interest in friendships or playing nicely with their peers. Situation 4: Brett Calder works in a technical capacity in Silicon Valley. People with his programming skills are in high demand.
He is being paid somewhat less than the going rate in neighboring companies, but until recently, he has been taking advantage of the company’s tuition assistance program to pursue his graduate degree. He has now earned his degree and is meeting with Alice Watkins from Human Resources to discuss his changed status. She offers him a small hourly increase and guaranteed job security. Please use your text and use the proper terminology in your answers. This is NOT a team assignment and is due on April 8, 2013. Remember the midterm is on 4-10 and your review questions are in Doc Share. Thanks and have a nice weekend Les

Question 16

John Lewis

Essay Examples

Good day, everyone.
Since you’ve just heard about the plus side, let us now talk about the weakness. Some may find the first few familiar but I’ll mention them again anyway. Firstly, in 2008, a scandal over expenses claimed by Members of Parliament revealed that John Lewis prices were being used as a guide to the maximum costs refundable to MPs when equipping London pied a Terre at a public expense. Secondly, last year, pre-tax profits fell 3. 8%, to 354 million. Thirdly, the very wet summer in 2012 has affected the profits of businesses including retail and the hospitality industry. Besides that, there are a number more that we’ve managed to look up such as how John Lewis’s performance slipped over the 2010 Christmas period. While all retailers practically underperformed during this time, John Lewis was the most exposed. At the time of writing, the share price was 361p with a 52-week low of 367p and a high of 759p, which means that John Lewis had lost more than 50% of its value during the year. Similarly, the price/earnings ratio of 9. is very low as compared to that of its competitor’s i. e. Mark and Spenser. The price/earnings ratio is the key indicator of investor assurance in a company. Next, John Lewis has recently started cutting prices to match up the ever-increasing competition. This may devalue the brand. Lastly, The company has been recently criticized for fuelling accusations of poor managerial incompetence, corporate governance, and lack of transparency infuriating many large investors.
Thank you.

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Question 17

Marriage practices

In the Cooper Eskimos area, the prospective son-in-law worked as a servant for the girl’s father for a period of three or four years, generally before she reached puberty. Bride service among the Cooper Eskimos was often Supplemental, and sometimes replaced by payments of valuable articles” (Dams, Divide Demographic Aspects of Central Eskimos Marriage Practices. American Ethnologist, Volvo. 2. No 3 (Gauge 1975). Up. 409-413. Http//www. ASTOR. Org/page/info/about/policies/ terms. Jsp). The three major groups of Eskimos were first designated as tribes by members of the fifth Thule Expedition and these three groups are Guilt, Entitles, and Cooper.
Information from Nineteenth and early twentieth century describes that each of the tribal units are relatively discreet. With trade routes that intersect in Central Artic Contract between different tribes is most likely very short. There was intermarriages between Mackenzie Eskimos woman marrying into the Cooper Eskimo tribes. There have also been cases of intermarriages between Flimflamming Eskimos and Entails Eskimos and there also hostility between these two groups also. The Entitles had four cases of polygamy compared to two cases of polyandry. However, the census said otherwise.
The Census shows there were three cases of polygamy to two cases of polyandry. “Rasmussen (1931 : 195) believed that two woman would be more compatible in sharing a husband than two men in sharing a wife. This explanation begs the question of the nature of Eskimo personality. ” ( Dams, David. Demographic Aspects of Central Eskimos Marriage Practices. American Ethnologist. Volvo. 2 No. 3 (Gauge. 1975). Up 409-413. Http://www. ASTOR. Org/ page/ info/ about/ politics/ terms. ]SP). The Jewish ethnic traditions has some marriage practices that differ from other traditions. The Mishap’s generally are observant and religious.

According to Zionist ideology, ethnic intermarriages is a means of creating a single, unified cultures among Jews in Israel ( Risen 1982). Migrate couples were less educated than those of the mixed couples. They usually married with in the Shaken tradition. In the Shaken community the ones who were less educated, married Migrate would Join the next generation. The group of Shaken education is relatively higher than it probably would be if they didn’t do the mixed marriages. Education plays a large role in whether they marry into the Shaken or less economically advantaged Mishap’s.
Patterns of intermarriage are thus challenging concepts of race and ethnicity and are leading to complex views of ethnic and racial boundaries (Harris and Simi 2002; Hiroshima 2003; Roquefort and Brunets 2002). Jews can trace their roots in Israel past their grandparent’s generation. In Israel context, the assimilation hypothesis suggest that the greater contact of educated Migrate with Shamanism has led to the erosion of their Migrate ethnic consciousness, more frequent intermarriages, the consequent concentration of Migrate ethnicity in the lower classes (Ben-Rafael 1982).
A well-off educated Migrate would marry a poorly educated Shaken. Jews consider marriages to be the ideal state of personal existence, when you have a woman without a man and a man without a wife they consider it to be incomplete. Their engagement of marriage was usually brought about by a third person, which was also known as a match-maker. Although the marriages were the concerns of their parents, the children were not forced into marriage over their objections.
When they are at the ceremony for marriage, the groom is given the ring and says his declaration, the bride does not have to respond, and she Just accepts the ring from the groom and then closes her hand to show that she accepts. Then the bride and groom drink a glass of wine together. After the ceremony is over the groom steps on glass, the broken pieces of glass is supposed to tell them how many years the marriage will last between the couple. The Jews and Eskimos had some things that each culture’s did for their marriage practices that were alike and some that were different.
In the Jew culture they married off the girls at a very young age. The parents usually had their children’s marriages arranged by a matchmaker. They had confidence that the matchmakers would bring a proper spouse for their daughter to marry. Back then the father could marry off his daughter between the ages of three and twelve years of age, which was known to be called cetacean (little one). Which was completely subject to her father’s authority and could arrange the marriage without daughter’s approval. The marriages without the daughter’s saying “l want this one”, was considered effective gal marriages.
Now the daughters have a say if they want to marry the guy that’s picked out for them. If it’s not who they want then they go out and find who they want. The Eskimos parents also made marriage arrangements for their daughters. Their marriages were sought through kinship. They were also married off at a young age, married before they had their first menstrual period and began bearing children three to four years later. The men in the two cultures were not able to marry the girls till they could prove they could support them and have a home for them.
The Eskimo sys were forced with different sets of requirements, they were not old enough for marriage till they proved themselves capable as hunter and providers. Also had to be able to build a snow house or hunt large game unassisted, he was not considered mature enough to take on and support a wife if he couldn’t do them. After they proved those steps then before marriage they had to Join the father in laws house hold. During the trial marriage period they worked for the father in laws for three to four years or until the young couple was mature enough to establish a separate house hold.
In the Jews culture the young men Just had to be able to provide a home for their soon to be wife’s. Once the marriages were completely arranged the wedding plans began. The two cultures to me seem to actually have a lot of common marriage practices. Kind of shocking how closely they do things even being two separate cultures. I feel that the children should be able to have a say into who they marry and spend the rest of their lives with. The two cultures that were described in this paper lead to finding regarding the marriage practices of the Jews and Eskimos.

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Question 18

Preliminary Research Proposal

To prepare for this discussion, read the instructor’s guidance and watch the videos Creating Your Research Proposal (Links to an external site.) and How to Write a Research Proposal? 11 Things to Include in a Thesis Proposal (Links to an external site.). Your initial post should be 250 to 300 words. Utilize a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last 10 years and are documented in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

The purpose of this discussion assignment is to familiarize you with the purpose and components of a research proposal and to allow an opportunity for you to get some feedback on your ideas for the Final Paper.

Topic: how the family can help their family member dealing with PTSD?

In your initial post,

1. Briefly describe the purpose of a research proposal and its components.
2. Present your research question and/or hypothesis.
3. Give some background information on the topic, including citing one or two previous related studies with their references.
4. Name the research design you would like to use.
5. Defend why you feel it is the most appropriate way to study your research question.
6. Discuss potential ethical issues that might arise and what you would do to address them.

Document your sources in APA style (Links to an external site.), with in-text citations and references listed at the end of the post. For additional guidance see the Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.) and Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) resources from the Ashford Writing Center.

Reference:

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Question 19

OFDM Simulation In Matlab Computer Science Essay

Abstract-This undertaking involves the simulation and survey of a simple Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ( OFDM ) system as an application of Digital Signal Processing. The country of focal point is the signal processing block of the system which uses Fast Fourier Transform ( FFT ) engines to accomplish perpendicularity of channels and thereby better the transmittal channel use. The system is simulated utilizing MATLAB and it involves transmittal of a digitized sound file through an linear white Gaussian noise ( AWGN ) channel utilizing OFDM technique and so retrieving the file at the receiving system. By correlating the original and the recovered file the effectivity of this technique is tested. The whole system realisation consists of multiple stairss – beginning processing, channel, receiving system processing, analysis.
Keywords-OFDM ; AWGN ; FFT ; IFFT ; BPSK ; Orthogonality ; Crosscorrelation
I. Introduction

Orthogonal frequence division multiplexing ( OFDM ) is a frequence division multiplexing strategy in which the frequence separation between next bearer channels is minimized by the usage of the construct of perpendicularity. It is one of the multiple entree techniques widely used in radio and powerline communications. OFDM can supply big informations rates with sufficient hardiness against transmittal channel damages. The OFDM strategy allows several extraneous, narrow band sub-channels or subcarriers to overlap in frequence sphere and to be transmitted in parallel thereby spliting the available transmittal bandwidth expeditiously. The input informations is divided into several parallel informations watercourses or channels, one for each subcarrier. Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional digital transition strategy ( such as M-ary stage displacement identifying or Quadrature amplitude transition ) at a low symbol rate so as to keep the entire information rate similar to conventional single-carrier transition strategies utilizing the same bandwidth. The perpendicularity is achieved utilizing the fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) algorithm on the receiver side, and reverse FFT on the sender side as it allows for efficient modulator and detector execution.
A general OFDM system diagram is shown in Fig. 1. At the sender, the modulated information signal ten [ n ] is foremost transformed to frequence sphere through IFFT. Then the signal is transmitted to the finish in the radio channel. At the receiving system, FFT is foremost applied to the standard signal, so the transmitted information symbol is estimated with some decrypting algorithm.
The processing at each block with the assistance of MATLAB is described briefly as follows:
A.Source Processing
At the beginning, the sound file is first read utilizing MATLAB as a vector music and converted into a binary information watercourse. Binary stage displacement keying ( BPSK ) is used as the transition strategy. In BPSK, each binary informations 1 is mapped to an information symbol of 1, while 0 is mapped to a?’1. With BPSK transition, we can obtain the information vector. Then a 512-point IFFT is performed on that vector to bring forth the vector Texas for transmittal. Zero-padding is used if the information is non a multiple of 512.
B. Channel
The channel is simple AWGN, which means that there is no channel attenuation and the noise is Gaussian distributed with zero mean and discrepancy I?2. For a random noise, the standard signal is transmitted signal ( Texas ) +noise.
C. Receiver Processing
At the receiving system, FFT is performed on the received informations obtain the noisy informations for decrypting. Simple bit-wise maximal likeliness ( ML ) decryption is adopted. Therefore, for each received noisy information spot, if the value is larger than 0, it is decoded as 1, otherwise, 0.
D. System Analysis
The received informations will the compared with the transmitted informations utilizing crosscorrelation to analyze the difference. The execution will be repeated for different values of noise discrepancies.
In the subdivisions that follow we discuss in a bit-by-bit manner how we can implement such a system by sing all the indispensable resources. In subdivision II, the development of the full system is described along with relevant theoretical background. Section III shows how the system can be simulated utilizing MATLAB tools. Section IV contains the consequences of simulation and analysis of the system. Section V concludes the paper by supplying an abstract of the work done.
II. system theoretical account
The system is simulated utilizing MATLAB. The flow diagram
of the system operations is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 OFDM system theoretical account [ 8 ]
A. Transmitter
The sender subdivision includes reading the sound file, change overing it into a binary watercourse, usage BPSK to modulate this watercourse and so execute N-point IFFT on the modulated informations to change over the information watercourse into N extraneous OFDM channels. In BPSK, each binary informations 1 is mapped to an information symbol of 1, while 0 is mapped to a?’1. Thus we get a consecutive watercourse of BPSK modulated informations. The watercourse is divided into N analogue informations which forms the footing of an OFDM symbol.
1. FFT-IFFT Algoritms and Orthogonality
An OFDM system treats the input BPSK modulated symbols at the sender as though they are in the frequency-domain. These symbols are converted into parallel and are used as the inputs to an IFFT block that converts the signal into the clip sphere. The IFFT takes in N symbols at a clip where N is the figure of subcarriers/channels in the system. By definition of Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform ( DFT ) :
x_n = frac { 1 } { N } sum_ { k=0 } ^ { N-1 } X_k e^ { frac { 2pi I } { N } K n } quad quad n = 0, dots, N-1.
The signals eiˆ?i?°ikn/N are extraneous over ( 0, N ) where Xk is the input symbol. DFT is the Fourier Transform of distinct clip signal taken at distinct blink of an eyes 2i?°k/N. FFT/IFFT is a computationally efficient version of DFT/IDFT. For case, for N point DFT the computational complexness is N2 whereas for radix-2 FFT the 1 clip calculation is broken down into log2N degrees and each degree need N calculations hence the complexness is reduced to Nlog2N degrees. Therefore cut downing the calculation clip in instance of FFT. Therefore from above definition the base maps IFFT are N extraneous sinusoids, in other words IFFT is expressed as the leaden amount of extraneous sinusoids. These sinusoids have a different frequence extraneous to each other in frequence sphere. Each input symbol Acts of the Apostless like a complex/real weight for the corresponding sinusoidal term. Input symbols will be complex if M-ary PSK is used where M & gt ; 2. In such instance the value of the symbol determines both the amplitude and stage of the sinusoid for that subcarrier. However, since BPSK is used the weights are existent. The IFFT end product is the summing up of the N weighted sinusoids. Therefore, IFFT provides a simple manner to modulate informations onto N extraneous closely separated subcarriers. The block of N end product samples from the IFFT make up a individual OFDM symbol. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr05/ofdm/images/fig4.gif
( a ) ( B )
Fig 3: OFDM spectrum ( a ) Single channel ( B ) 5 subcarriers [ 6 ]
The signals e2i?°kn/N are extraneous over ( 0, N ) as
sum_ { n=0 } ^ { N-1 } left ( e^ { frac { 2pi I } { N } kn } ight ) left ( e^ { -frac { 2pi I } { N } k’n } ight ) =N~delta_ { kk ‘ }
This perpendicularity due to FFT among next channels implies closely spaced bearers. They can be spaced in such a manner such that the nothing ( zero amplitude response ) of one channel will happen at the extremum of the next bearer as shown in Fig. 3. Therefore merely half of the available transmittal bandwidth will be utilised comparison to standard FDM, bettering the channel use by 50 per centum. The distinct time-domain signal that consequences from the IFFT is transmitted across the channel. Actual transmittals involve transition of IFFT bins into baseband parallel bearers before transmittal over the channel. But for simpleness of analysis we transmit the digital baseband signal itself as N subcarriers in a multipath free environment. Orthogonality of the subcarriers due to IFFT allows the frequence spacing between each next subcarrier to be minimal.
B. Channel
The channel is assumed to be simple AWGN, which means that there is no channel attenuation and the noise is Gaussian distributed with zero mean and discrepancy I? . The familial consecutive watercourse of IFFT bins is added to the random AWGN noise generated utilizing MATLAB to enforce the effects of channel.
C. Receiver
At the receiving system, an N point FFT block is used to treat the standard signal and convey it back into the frequence sphere. By definition of Discrete Fourier Transform ( DFT ) :
Due to grounds mentioned antecedently FFT is the used in topographic point of DFT. The N point FFT end product will be the original symbols that were sent to the IFFT block at the sender. The end product of the FFT block is capable to maximum likelihood sensing to pull out the binary information from the noise infested symbols. After recovery of binary informations, it is converted to its parallel tantamount thereby retracing the original sound file.
III. matlab simulation
A. Transmitter
1.Input audio file processing
The samples of the sound file that has to be transmitted is read into a vector Y utilizing the wavread bid. The wavread bid besides outputs two statements viz. the sampling frequence and spots per sample which are stored in variables degree Fahrenheits and spots severally. The scope and amplitude of the samples obtained are really little and hence they are increased by factor of 2 ( bits-1 ) and shifted by 2 ( bits-1 ) to acquire positive samples and thereby execute quantisation and change over it into 16-bit binary informations utilizing the dec2bin bid.
2. BPSK transition
The binary informations stored in a array is BPSK modulated utilizing the simple algorithm of mapping each binary informations 1 to an information symbol of 1, and 0 to a?’1 utilizing a for cringle. Figure 3 shows the configuration for BPSK ( 1bit/symbol ) .
Figure 4: BPSK configuration
3. IFFT
The BPSK modulated informations which is stored in a martix is converted into a row vector utilizing reshape bid in order to execute 512 point IFFT which is in consequence change overing the consecutive watercourse into 512 point parallel watercourse. IFFT is performed utilizing the bid ifft. The consequence of IFFT of the modulated information is an 512 point OFDM symbol. Since IFFT in MATLAB is calculated utilizing the definition of IDFT we need to multiply the IFFT vector by sqrt ( N ) to raise the mean power degree in order to keep sufficient signal to resound power ratio in the channel. After IFFT the parallel information is converted to consecutive and stored in vector txdataN.
B. Channel
Channel is simulated by adding noise by bring forthing random white noise ( Gaussian distributed with average 0 and discrepancy as we specify ) utilizing the bid randn. The white noise generated utilizing randn is added it to txdataN. Thus, ch=txdataN+noise where noise= I?*randn ( 1, length ( txdataN ) ) .
C. Receiver
1.FFT
The standard OFDM signal vector ch is coverted into parallel and 512 point FFT is performed utilizing the bid fft to retrieve the noisy BPSK modulated informations. The scatterplot of the noise infested received informations is shown in Fig. 5
Fig. 5: Received Configuration with noise
2.Maximum Likelihood ( ML ) Detection
If the end product of FFT is observed to be complex, merely the existent portion is taken to observe the information symbols. Simple bit-wise maximal likeliness ( ML ) decryption is used to retrieve the original binary informations. Thus, for each received noisy information spot, if the value is larger than 0, it is decoded as 1, otherwise, 0.
3. Reconstruction of audio file from recovered informations
The cured digital information is converted into tantamount parallel samples utilizing bin2dec bid where each sample corresponds to 16 spots. The samples are so stored as a wav file recovered_music at a sampling frequence degree Fahrenheit utilizing the bid wavwrite.
4. Correlation
The cured sound file is played utilizing bid soundsc to observe the difference with the original file. The correlativity coefficient of the received sound vector and the original sound vector is calculated utilizing the bid corrcoef and stored in a matrix corr. As we change the discrepancy of the noise vector, which implies a alteration in the channel SNR, the covariance between the original and the recovered information lessenings and as a consequence we get a noisy sound at the end product.
IV. System analysis and Simulation Results
A. Frequency Analysis
1.Frequency Response of input informations watercourse ( BPSK Modulated ) .
2.OFDM channel frequence response
B. Input Sequence and matching OFDM symbol
C. Correlation between input and end product informations
1.Input sound samples. Fs=8kHz
2.Recovered sound samples w/ correlativity coefficient=0.9042
Discrepancy of AWGN=0.2
3.Recovered sound samples w/ correlativity coefficient=1
Discrepancy of AWGN=0.01
3.Recovered sound samples w/ correlativity coefficient=0.1758
Discrepancy of AWGN=1
V. Conclusion
Orthogonality in OFDM introduced due to the usage of DSP engines FFT and IFFT have proven to be really effectual in the improving channel spectral use by leting the convergence of next channels to about half of the channels bandwidth. Besides transition and demodulation complexness is reduced due to the usage FFT techniques. As a consequence it is executable to utilize ML decrypting to retrieve binary informations.
In this undertaking, a simple MATLAB theoretical account of OFDM was simulated to analyze OFDM utilizing FFT. The power of FFT-IFFT to present orthogoniality in subcarriers was demonstrated. The consequence of AWGN channel utilizing different noise discrepancies was illustrated. The consequences showed that little noise discrepancies, that is, high signal to resound rations had negligible consequence of original informations. which was apparent from the computation of correlativity coefficient of original and cured informations.
VI. Mentions
E. Lawrey, “ The suitableness of OFDM as a transition technique for wireless telecommunications, with a CDMA comparing, ” B. Eng. thesis, James Cook University, Oct. 1997.
Anibal Luis Intini, “ OFDM for Wireless Netwoks ” , University of California, Santa Barbara, CA. Rep.Dec.2000.
G. Acosta, ” OFDM simulation utilizing MATLAB ” , Georgia Institute of Technology, GA. Rep.Aug. 2000.
Alan C. Brrooks and Stephan J. Hoelzer, “ Design and Implementation of OFDM Signalling ” , Rep.May.2001.
John G.Proakis, Digital Signal Processing, 3rd erectile dysfunction.
Mathematical description of OFDM. [ Online ] .Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wirelesscommunication.nl [ Revieved: 12/01/2010 ] ( Fig. 3 )
Matlab Tutorial. [ Online ] . Available: www.mathworks.com/academia/
EEL5525 Class Notes ( Fig. 1, 2 )

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Question 20

Experiment 3

This unit’s Experiment exercises will deal with Diffusion and Osmosis. Read through the introductory material located below and complete the questions found in the Unit 3 Experiment Answer Sheet.
How to Proceed

Read through the Experiment Exercise Introductions below.
Open the Unit 3 Experiment Answer Sheet and complete the following Experiment exercises this unit:

Experiment 3 Exercise 1 – Diffusion (~1 hr)
Experiment 3 Exercise 2 – Osmosis (~1.5 hrs)

Save your completed Unit 3 Experiment Answer Sheet and submit it no later than Sunday midnight (CT).

Diffusion – Introduction
This unit we are learning about the structure and function of cells. The plasma membrane, for example, is an important structure of all cells and it is responsible for regulating the passage of materials into and out of the cell. Plasma membranes are differentially (selectively) permeable, meaning some substances are allowed to enter and exit the cell, while the movement of other materials is either carefully regulated or blocked. Two ways in which materials can move freely across the cell membrane are diffusion and osmosis.
Diffusion is the movement of solutes (material dissolved in liquid) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. If these areas are separated by a membrane, that membrane may or may not be permeable to the solute. The membrane is always permeable to water though and the movement of water across a membrane is a special form of diffusion called osmosis.
In our first exercise, we will examine diffusion of solutes through a semipermeable membrane and the factors that affect their movement. You’ll want to be sure to review our online lecture this unit on Cell Structure and pp 83 – 86 in your book. View the following two animations BEFORE starting this exercise:
McGraw-Hill. 2006. How Diffusion Works
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html (Links to an external site.)
McGraw-Hill. 2006. How Osmosis Works
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html (Links to an external site.)
When you are ready to begin, open the Unit 3 Experiment Answer Sheet and answer the questions associated with the first exercise.
Osmosis – Introduction
In our second exercise this unit, we will to take a closer look at osmosis; the movement of water across a membrane. The direction water moves depends on the relative concentration of solute molecules on either side of the membrane (in this case, these solutes are not able to cross the membrane). Furthermore, the presence or absence of cell walls (e.g., in plant cells) influences how cells respond to osmotic fluctuations in their environment. This exercise will examine the forces that determine whether water moves into or out of a cell.
We will be using the following website in this exercise. Be sure you are able to access and use this website before starting.
The Biology Place. No Date. Osmosis: Movement of Water across Membranes
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/biomembrane1/osmosis.html (Links to an external site.)
Open the Unit 3 Experiment Answer Sheet and complete the questions for this exercise.

Question 21

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Help

Free Sample

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in the human body is termed:

positive feedback.

negative feedback.

homeostasis.

effector control.

QUESTION 2

The chemical or molecular level of organization begins with __________ and forms __________.

cells; tissues

molecules; atoms

organs; systems

atoms; molecules

QUESTION 3

The study of physiology includes the study of __________.

disease

genetics

structures

functions

QUESTION 4

A definitive, objective, measurable indication of disease is known as a:

sign.

symptom.

chief complaint.

diagnosis.

QUESTION 5

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The cause of a disease is referred to as the:

prognosis.

diagnosis.

pathology.

etiology

6. Discuss when you would place the patient in the following positions: Trendelenburg, lithotomy, lateral Sims, High Fowler, and dorsal recumbent.
Your response must be at least 300 words in length.

Define anabolism and catabolism, and discuss how they relate to homeostasis and survival.

Your response must be at least 300 words in length.

Explain the chemistry of water. Why is water important in biological systems?

Your response must be at least 300 words in length.

Question 22

Need to reply to these 2 discussion questions need to be 2 seperate answers for PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning

John
1.In this week’s discussion, all the possible scenarios are hard to decide since lives will be lost for the greater good and pleasure with the absence of pain discussed in chapter 3 of the text. (Thames, 2018) However, it is important to remember that good isn’t always good and leaves us to decide for ourselves. Thus, our preferences in terms of a utilitarian would maximize our decisions for any ethical dilemmas. In the case for the single worker and the five workers on the tracks deciding what is right can be difficult because of the standards of morality. We as human beings or to some who disagree with utilitarianism, we should respect the rule of not killing an innocent person. Killing that single worker would violate the statute and would be wrong even though it would leave the greater amount of a positive outcome. However, the utilitarian would look past the individual’s preferences and investigate the matters for the happiness overall. If that were the case a pretty brave utilitarian would try everything in their power to help all six of the workers by maximizing their possibilities or risk losing all to have the overall happiness for all. But that is not the case because it would risk the individual thinking for the outcome to place himself in harm’s way and could possibly kill himself and the 5 workers. It’s an endless battle of confusion to decide and therefore would leave them to just make the right decision for themselves in hopes that the single worker would survive because that individual decided to help the 5 workers. That person who decided on the fate for the worker could be misconstrued as having the lack of respect for morality. As for the case of the large man being on the tracks pushing him on to the tracks to save the 5 workers is unethical even if he voluntarily decides to help those people. Everyone has value in themselves and overlooking that value the greater purpose of doing good for everyone conflicts with our own standards and codes of morality.

Rosa
2.A utilitarian would say that the right thing to do is switch the lever to avoid hitting the five workers and only kill the one worker that is on the side track. A utilitarian would also push the large man over the bridge to stop the train and save the five workers on the track. The reasoning behind the Trolley Problem is that, “Moreover, we find this kind of reasoning invoked in politics, business, and science. Think about how many political arguments appeal to the prosperity and well-being of the majority of citizens as the reason to be for or against certain policies.’ (Thames, 2018). In these two cases a utilitarian would be justified in killing the one worker on the side track or killing the large man on the bridge, because he saved the majority of the workers on the track. Another example, “most of us recognize a general moral duty not lie. However, there are circumstances in which lying may seem to some people to be the morally right thing to do.” (Thames, 2018). The reasoning of saving the majority is more important when you do not know any of the workers on the track.

Question 23

nstant Gratification in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World

Aldous Huxley

In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, instant gratification is a prevalent theme. Happiness is sustained through habits and events that bring instant gratification to the population. The universal happiness in the world state is achieved through three stages: soma, promiscuous sex, and psychological conditioning. The drug soma is a symbol of the use of instant gratification to control the world state’s populace.
People are conditioned genetically and through hypnopaedia to enjoy their predetermined work. The population is becoming more and more sexually promiscuous. By keeping their citizens satisfied with the means of soma, sex, and preconditioning, Brave New World warns about a society in which people are controlled by their desire for pleasure and are conditioned to believe they are free when really they are enslaved by their passions.
Soma is a powerful opiate in the world state in which people use to eliminate anything negative in their lives. It is described as a drug that has “all the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects” (54). It is arguably the best tool the government has to control its citizens. It calms, sedates, and most importantly distracts the citizens from realizing that they are being enslaved by the world state. According to Mustapha Mond, people are better off sacrificing the truth for happiness.

Mustapha Mond describes soma as follows: “And if ever, by some unlucky chance, anything unpleasant should somehow happen, why, there’s always soma to give you a holiday from the facts. And there’s always soma to calm your anger, to reconcile you to your enemies, to make you patient and long-suffering. In the past, you could only accomplish these things by making a great effort and after years of hard moral training.
Now, you swallow two or three half-gramme tablets, and there you are. Anybody can be virtuous now. You can carry at least half your mortality about in a bottle. Christianity without tears – that’s what soma is” (236). By comparing it to Christianity without tears, Mustapha Mond seems to argue that religion has the same effect as the drug when it comes to controlling its citizens. The drug offers comfort to the user but it comes at an expense of the user’s individuality.
Sexual relations in the world state is another way the world state uses to control its citizens. Sexual promiscuity is encouraged and celebrated. Children even play erotic games in the hatchery and conditioning centers. Sex has been dissociated with love and childbearing and it is engaged purely for pleasure and fun. People have sex purely for pleasure because emotional bonding with others is seen as destabilizing by the world controllers and they are strongly conditioned against the messy intimacy of falling in love.
Through the encouragement of promiscuous sex and the elimination of families or any long-term relationships, the government ensures that no one will face the consequences of intense and unreciprocated emotional or sexual desire. People were told what sex was like in “the old world”, “For a very long time before the time of our Ford, and even for some generations afterward, erotic play between children had been regarded as abnormal (there was a roar of laughter); and not only abnormal, actually immoral (no!): and had therefore been rigorously suppressed. A look of astonished incredulity appeared on the faces of his listeners. Poor little kids not allowed to amuse themselves? They could not believe it “ (32). This shows the transformation from a traditional society to a society that no longer values close relationships.
Extreme conditioning is administered in order to keep stability in communities. In the world state, people are born into a certain caste and are conditioned to do their predetermined job. There are five castes in the world state: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilons. Through hypnopaedia which is sleep teaching, the government would teach children about morality and the caste system. “One hundred repetitions three nights a week for four years, thought Bernard Marx, who was a specialist on hypnopaedia. Sixty-two thousand four hundred repetitions make one truth”(47).
By continued repetition, children in the world state are made to believe whatever they are told by the government. Another way the world state conditions its citizens is through physical conditioning. When they are at their embryonic stage, they are injected with alcohol, given less oxygen, and incubated at higher temperatures to prepare them for their gamma, delta, and epsilon jobs.
Another form of conditioning that is essential to the stability of the world state is the Neo-Pavlovian conditioning given to the lower caste Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons. “Books and loud noises, flowers and electric shocks – already in the infant mind these couples were compromisingly linked; and after two hundred repetitions of the same or a similar lesson would be wedded indissolubly.

What man has joined, nature is powerless to put asunder. ‘They’ll grow up with what the psychologists used to call an “instinctive” hatred of books and flowers. Reflexes unalterably conditioned. They’ll be safe from books and botany all their lives’(22). If the lower castes weren’t conditioned to hate certain things, they would want everything the Alphas and Betas have which would disrupt the world state.
Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World describes a society in which happiness and instant gratification is dangerous to the population’s health. On the surface, the world seems great. There is no war. Everyone is able to fulfill their desires instantly whatever that may be. They are conditioned to love their jobs and sex is widely available. Soma can bring instant relief to any concern. The satisfaction of every desire creates a superficial and infantile happiness.
With a lack of suffering the world is without love purpose or compassion. Aldous Huxley also critiques modern government institutions whose power slowly crept into the lives of ordinary people. The process is in the name of security or peace but ultimately destroys everything good in society. Huxley urges us to consider the cost of happiness and what it ultimately leads to.

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Question 24

2;1 reliable person,No plagiarism

Assignment:2:1 Role of Attachment and Empathy
Attachment starts from the moment of birth as an infant begins to recognize her mother’s smell, voice, and face. Children with insecure attachment due to a parent with unresolved emotional issues or an inconsistent parenting style show an inability to consistently show emotions. Children who have a secure attachment to at least one adult have higher self-esteem, social skills, and empathy. Empathy can be shown by children as young as 2 years of age and continues to develop into adolescence. Empathy is critical to the formation of healthy, reciprocal relationships. It allows individuals to understand how someone else may feel. If empathy is lacking, an individual may not hold back from physically or emotionally harming others because he does not have the capacity to understand how the impact of such harm. The relationship between the lack of empathy and antisocial behavior can be evident in children in early to middle elementary school years. This lack of empathy is one of the primary contributors to violent behavior.
In this Assignment, you analyze the role that attachment plays in the development of empathy and how empathy is a protective factor against violent behavior. You also explore the expression “neurons that fire together wire together” and how it relates to violent behavior.
To prepare for this Assignment:

Review the Learning Resources related to attachment and empathy.

By Day 7
In a 3- to 5- page paper:

Explain the role of attachment in empathy.
Explain how and why the presence of empathy may be a protective factor against causing harm.
Provide an example of a violent crime and how attachment and empathy may play a role.
Explain whether or not empathy may be hard-wired. If so, how? Provide an example.
Explain the expression “neurons that fire together wire together.” Provide an example.

grading criteria
Content
Points Range:
47.25 (63%) – 52.5 (70%)
Paper demonstrates an
excellent understanding of all of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other sources, and discerning ideas.
Points Range:
42 (56%) – 47.2 (62.93%)
Paper demonstrates
a good understanding of most of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper includes moderate detail, evidence from the readings, and discerning ideas.
Points Range:
36.75 (49%) – 41.95 (55.93%)
Paper demonstrates a fair understanding of the concepts and key points as presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper may be lacking in detail and specificity and/or may not include sufficient pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.
Points Range:
0 (0%) – 36.7 (48.93%)

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Question 25

Body Language in the Workplace

The book deals with how Body Language affects your business career and illustrates you step-by-step examples on the effect of Body Language and how to use it in favour of your success. The author’s Allan & Barbara Pease both come from the Business World and established this book together, developing specific techniques trough personal experiences. Allan Pease made his first personal experience with the effect of Body Language as a Teenage Boy, working as a door-to-door salesman for a rubber sponge company.
He quickly learned, by watching the people’s Body Language on what they were thinking and then found a way to persuade them to willingly buy the rubber sponges without them noticing it. He later worked as a successful salesman for an Australian Life Insurance Company. The Book is a “How to” Book and designated to prospective and current Business People. The author adresses the reader directly, which gives a more personal approach to the Book. The author’s style is very informal, the quality of writing is very clear and original which makes it easier for the reader to follow and not get bored.
It suits the intended audience. Body The book contains seven Chapters, each chapter representing a different situation the reader is confronted with in his/her everyday Business Life, making it easier for the reader to identifiy himself/herself in the examples and adapting them more easely. Each example is given an additional illustration or specific situation so the reader is directly involved in the situation and understands better what the author is refering to. Furthermore, there are 14 Business rules spread out over the book.

More precisely, each chapter contains 2 Business Rules that have to be remembered. Moreover, the book is divided into two different categories: ‘A woman in Business’ and ‘A man in Business’. The first chapter has the Title “ Interviews: How to Get the Job…Every Time; Are you Sitting Comfortably ? How to Sit, Where and Why “ . It discusses how a First Impression is made and how to work on it. The first impression is more important than what is written on your Curriculum Vitae. The Interviewer will remember your appearance rather than what College you attended.
This chapter also tells you what to do and what not to do in an interview, by example not to wear a Goatee because it represents Satan and people will most likely repel people subconciously. Furthermore, the chapter sow the reader how seating arrangements can change your whole position and what type of Table is most suitable for a Conference. The second chapter has the Title “ How to Take Your Career in Your Hands: the Art of Handshaking, Networking and Surviving the Office Party”.
In this chapter the reader learns what a Handshake can do to his/her professional career, in other words : “A good handshake can be the difference between a career boost and career suicide”. Furthemore, the reader learns how to behave at an Office Party and how to boost your popularity. The third chapter, “Persuasive Presentations” shows the reader how to behave during a Presentation, taking a close look at the audience and work with Power Point Presentations. In this chapter the reader learns that the audience sitting on their left is more likely to be attentive and respondend to Jokes than the audience sitting on their right.
The fourth chapter, “Mastering Meetings and Perfecting Phone- and Video-Conferencing” tells the reader how to behave during a Video Conference, watching his/her Body Language and adapting the speed of Voice and sound to the other person during Phone- and Video-Conferences. The fifth chapter, “The Best-Kept Secrets of Successful Businesspeople” demonstrates the reader how to make himself/herself “taller” in the Businessworld, since it is proven that taller people get higher positions and therefor higher salaries.
Moreover, this chapter shows the reader how to use eye contact and moderate smiling in specific situations. The sixth chapter, “Globalisation: The Perils and Pitfalls” shows the reader to take into consideration foreign Body-Language, especially in the Business World where people travel a lot. The authors give the most common example of Japan,where certain aspecst of Body Language are perceived differently than in Europe and how misleading Body Language can ruin a Business Plan.
For example, when Japanese people nod their head while you are speaking does not mean that they are in complete agreement with you, but they are rather telling you that they are listening and that you should keep on talking. The seventh and last chapter, “Office Politics, Power-Players, Office Romances and Other Ticking Bombs” gives the reader examples on how to avoid intimidation by superiors,seeing who’s surfing on the internet and who’s really working at home, how to spot and “office romance” and most importantly how to deal with stress.
Conclusion The Book gives a clear and specific Guideline on “How to” Behave in different situations , but also shows the reader the Consequences of the mistakes he/she might be making without being conscious about them. The book is easy to follow and would rather be used by people preparing for an interview. In my opinion, it is very interesting to see how such little things that are thought to be unnoticed can have such a big impact on your professional career.
Personally, I encountered the same experience as the Author, Allan Pease working as a “sales person “ for an NGO, but instead of doing door-to-door I had to accost the people on the street. Opening your arms to the person and showing your palms is more likely to make people stop and listen to you than moving towards them, arms crossed. It was very interesting for me to find myself in certain aspects of the book and and learn ways to improve your own appearance. I would definetly recommend this book to any person who is looking for a Job or changing Workplace and/or preparing himself/herself for a presentation.

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Question 26

PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development WK3-D1

Compare and Contrast the Theories of Piaget and Vygotsky [WLOs: 1, 2] [CLOs: 1, 4]

Prior to completing this discussion, read Chapter 7 in your textbook and Piaget’s Enduring Contribution to Developmental Psychology article, and watch the Play: A Vygotskian approach and Piaget’s Stages of Development (Links to an external site.)
Jean Piaget is probably the most influential theorist in the cognitive development realm. His work has informed American educational practices since the early 1900s. Another key cognitive theorist in the realm is Lev Vygotsky. Interestingly, Vygotsky and Piaget were contemporaries (both were born in 1896), but for many years, Piaget’s theory dominated. The fact that Vygotsky died at age 37, while Piaget lived to be 84, might be part of that explanation. But Vygotsky’s ideas gained traction in the 1980s when educators began to question long held Piagetian ideas. Nevertheless, both theories are important to the study of cognitive development. In your initial post of 300 words minimum,

Provide a brief overview of Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s child and adolescent cognitive developmental theories.
Compare and contrast these theories as they relate to child and adolescent development by identifying at least one commonality in the two theories and two major conceptual differences (Table 7.2 in your textbook will be useful here).
Determine which of the two theories you most support and provide a rationale for your choice.

Your discussion post must use at least one credible source.

Question 27

Homework Case Study Questions-
HCA 346- Ambulatory Care
Deciding whether to centralize or decentralize
The new Graystone Memorial Clinic facility houses 50 specialists. The old clinic building was located in a gradually decaying portion of the city, and the group decided to build a new facility to allow for expansion of the staff and to better serve the population, which has shifted away from the original location.
During the course of planning for the project, a number of decisions regarding functions were made. One important decision was to centralize the nursing station on each floor, with approximately twelve physicians housed in each unit and 3-4 in each subspecialty section. This was done in order to increase efficiency. Although the physician’s offices and the exam rooms all had telephones, telephone calls to the floor were to be handled centrally within the nursing section. Other duties of the nursing and office staff were also to be shared. As a patient was brought back from the central reception area with the chart, the chart was to be placed in a pocket outside the patient’s exam-room door, and the flag indicator moved to alert the physician that this was his or her next patient.
The move was completed over a weekend, and the doors of the new facility opened to patients for the first time on the following Monday. Within an hour, utter chaos reigned. The chief of medicine became so upset that he threatened to resign. The problem was that the physicians did not accept the centralization of the nursing staff because they felt they could not operate without having their own personal assistant.
Somehow the clinic floundered through the first week, with growing tension among employees, professional staff, and administrators. The following Monday, a special meeting of the partnership was called to consider the design problems of the new building.
1. Assume that you are the administrator of the Graystone Memorial Clinic. What went wrong, and how would you correct the problem?

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Question 28

Week 4.1

1. Do your research on statistical research methods and choose one article that used a statistical quantitative research method. Review the article and write a report following the steps below:
Your report paper should meet the following requirements:
• Be approximately 4 pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
• Follow APA guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
• The UC Library is a great place to find resources.
• Be clear with well-written, concise, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.
Scholarly articles can be found in the UC Online Library, in databases such as JSTOR or ProQuest. At least the article must be peer-reviewed, full-text article that used quantitative research methods from scholarly journals.
Note: When reading an article use the PECO to analyze the paper:
P – Population being study, techniques used in the paper
E – Exposure (what)
C – Control(how)
O- outcome
Scoring Rubric:
The research paper used quantitative statistical methods to addressed the problems —20/20
The paper is 3 to 5 pages excluding the cover page and references pages—-10/10
The paper is APA formatted——10/10
Be clear with well-written, concise, using excellent grammar and style techniques.—-10
Note: Your initial post will be your answer to the Question and is to be 4 pages with at least 5 scholarly journals references. Initial post will be graded on length, content, grammar and use of references. References should always be below each question as they are a different topic and not related in any way.

2. Industry experts believe blockchain is a technology that has the potential to affect the business of most IT professionals in the next five years. Pick an industry you feel will be most affected by blockchain and how blockchain may be used in that industry. As an IT manager, how would you embrace blockchain? For instance, how would training occur for your team, what strategies might you use, what security methods may you recommend be used?
Your paper should meet the following requirements:
• Be approximately 2 pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
• Follow APA6 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
• Support your answers with the readings from the course and at least two scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook.
• Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.
Note: Your initial post will be your answer to the Question and is to be 2 pages with at least 2 scholarly journal references. Initial post will be graded on length, content, grammar and use of references. References should always be below each question as they are a different topic and not related in any way.

Question 29

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week 8

Your duties at We Care Hospital require you to interface with many different professionals, including physicians, nurses, and allied professionals in various areas of health care. The facility also has a new information technology management center, which handles all patient medical records. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act was enacted as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The Act called for an unprecedented federal investment in Health Information Technology (IT). Doctors and hospitals would receive incentive payments through the Medicare programs and Medicaid to advance the delivery of high-quality healthcare. It was predicted that a decade later the Act would reduce federal spending on health services by tens of billions of dollars by increasing efficiency. Review the American Journal of Managed Care article, Congressional Intent for the HITECH Act.
It has been a decade since the HITECH Act was enacted and you are researching the impact of the Act. You must ensure that the HITECH Act of 2009 and the HIPAA Act guidelines are being met. You must track legal issues within the hospital and provide detailed monthly reports on the general functionality of the health administration department as it relates to breaches in patient record security and the impact of the Electronic Health Record (EHR). Review the Harvard Business Review article, The Critical Skills For Leading Major Change in America’s Health System.
Note: You may create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.
Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:

Provide a detailed summary of your hospital’s organizational structure. Include a tabulated description of the levels of professionals within the organization. Describe the duties of each major head within the organization.
Provide an explanation of the HITECH Act and how it impacts We Care Hospital. Provide any case laws that identify HIPAA violations as a result of the computer technology using patient records.
Outline a detailed feasibility plan for protecting patient records. Provide a rationale for the chosen plan and explain the main reasons why the plan in question would be suitable for use.
Justify the use of information technology to increase patient services. Provide a summative table of some pros and cons of using information technology in an era of networking and security breaches.
Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not quality as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the course title, the professor’s name, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Evaluate the implications of the law on the health care system.
Evaluate the implications of the nursing staff on the health care system.
Describe the importance of medical records in relationship to the law.
Describe consent and informed consent in relationship to the health care system.
Identify the principles and legalities of ethical issues within the health care system.
Identify a plan that addresses legal and ethical issues in a health care policy.

Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.

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Question 30

Narco

Narco-terror is a term that describes the connection between narcotics and terrorist organizations. There is a nexus between terrorist organizations and drug traffickers (organized crime) because of a symbiotic relationship that allows the two groups to benefit from the facilitation and trafficking of drugs for profit. Terrorists can offer drug traffickers military protection in controlled areas, weapons, and clandestine communication in return for revenue and assistance in corrupting officials to obtain false documents and take advantage of poorly regulated banking structures to launder money. Both groups also rely on compartmentalized cells to accomplish day-to-day operations while protecting the leaders.

Find a recent case (or based one you create on a recent incident) in which narcotics were smuggled by organized crime in conjunction with a terrorist group (past 3-5 years), preferably from Mexico, South America, or Central America.

Task 1: Identify the criminals (which organized crime group and which terrorist group) and describe how they attempted to smuggle drugs (e.g., on plane, cargo ship, human mules). What other associated activities were involved (e.g., laundered money, bribing officials).
Task 2: What security was in place to prevent drug smuggling for that port of entry/method of transportation? Why did it not work?
Task 3: What would you need to do to improve the detection of drug smuggling and its associated criminal activity.
Use all of the readings, making sure to cite at least 2 required readings for each task (and when possible, use optional readings).
Reference
Hesterman, J.L. (2013a). Transnational organized crime: The dark side of globalization (pp. 7-40). The terrorist-criminal nexus: An alliance of international drug cartels, organized crime, and terror groups. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Hesterman, J.L. (2013b). Drug-trafficking organizations go global (pp. 133-164). The terrorist-criminal nexus: An alliance of international drug cartels, organized crime, and terror groups. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Hesterman, J.L. (2013c). traditional terrorist and criminal financing methods: Adapting for success (pp.165-204). The terrorist-criminal nexus: An alliance of international drug cartels, organized crime, and terror groups. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Novakoff, R. (2015). Transnational organized crime: An insidious threat to U.S. national security interests. Prism: A Journal of the Center for Complex Operations, 5(4), 135-149.
United Nations (2017). The drug problem and organized crime, illicit financial flows, corruption, and terrorism. Accessed at: http://www.unodc.org/wdr2017/field/Booklet_5_NEXUS.pdf (10/28/2018).

Warner, J.A. (2011). Drug trafficking and narco-terrorism. In M.Shally-Jensen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Social Issues, 2, 458-473.

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Question 31

Sociology: Notes on Social Dimensions of Crime

SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CRIME 1. AGE 2. SEX 3. ETHNICITY 4. SOCIAL CLASS Since the recession of the 1980s, employment rates for adolescents increase yearly and have an impact on the diminishment of youth crime The younger you are, the more prone you are to be a victim of victimization The older you get, the more you are prone for property crimes and less for physical crimes SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CRIME 1. AGE 2. SEX 3. ETHNICITY 4. SOCIAL CLASS MALES: Offenders are most likely to be male. They account for 80% of all criminal offences. 90% of all homicides, sexual assaults, and robbery crimes.
And 78% of all property crimes (breaking & entering, theft). Since the 1960’s, we see an increase in female criminality. However, the specific crimes they engage in are different than the ones males engage in. (Credit card fraud, shoplifting) The feminization of poverty: we are seeing the high rise of poor, single mothers Men & Women have equal tendencies to be victimized by crimes… the difference between the two is that they are more likely to be victimized by different crimes. They are not equally victimized to the same crimes. MEN: Assault, theft
WOMEN: Sexual Assault SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CRIME 1. AGE 2. SEX 3. ETHNICITY 4. SOCIAL CLASS Big over presentation of aboriginal peoples in federal & provincial prisons. In general, aboriginals only make up 3% of Canada’s population, but 16% of Canada’s inmates. Howard Sapers noted that aboriginal people are mistreated (receive harsher treatment) by workers, prison guards, psychologists, and are more likely to be denied parole. They are also more likely to be sent to maximum security prisons. SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CRIME 1. AGE 2. SEX 3. ETHNICITY 4. SOCIAL CLASS

Today’s social class, it doesn’t matter if youre rich or poor, all have equal tendencies to commit crimes. The difference is the type of crimes that the poor commit and the rich commit. Rich commit more sophisticated/organized crimes Poor commit more survival crimes (theft, If you make less than 15 thousand dollars a year, research shows that you’re more likely to be a target of a violent crime because youre probably living in the ghetto If you make more than 60 thousand dollars a year, research shows that youre more likely to get robbed, because you have more to rob.

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Question 32

Bridgeton Industries Case

The dynamics of the automobile industry have been very volatile in the last few decades, and the case depicts how the changing environment has affected the Bridgestone Industries. The Bridgestone Industries is a supplier of components and parts for the three main automobile manufacturing companies in the United States. The increase in the fuel prices as well as the technological evolution and the ease of availability of cheaper, cost efficient imported European and Japanese automobiles have taken a significant section of the demand from the US based manufacturers.

As a result there is less demand for products and components from the Bridgestone Industries who are facing low volume of sales and therefore low profitability. In addition to this the increasing costs and overheads in the company are aggravating the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries by decreasing the profit margins per sale. The paper provides an analysis of the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries and the overheads associated with the production lines being manufactured by Bridgestone Industries at the ACF.

The overhead burden rate for the company is determined to be 437% in 1988, 434% in 1989, 577% in 1989 and 562% in 1990. A budget is also drafted for the year 1991 which considers outsourcing the manifold production line. The budget has depicted that through the outsourcing of the manifold production line significant cost savings in the expenses for direct labor, direct material and the overheads can be achieved which can result in the lowered overhead burden rate of 307% only.
As a result it is proposed that the Bridgestone Industries should seek to outsource the manifold production line as it can be highly advantageous for the cost position of the company. Bridgeton Industries Case Overview of Bridgeton Industries The Harvard Business review case depicts the problems that were faced by the Bridgeton Industries due to technological evolution, changes in the internal and external environments of the businesses and the changing consumer preferences for automobiles. The company Bridgeton Industries is a major supplier of the complements of the parts and components for the United States automotive industry.
The automotive component and fabrication plant in question in this case was originally founded in 1840 but was acquired by the Bridgeton Industries in the early 1900s. Since then the plant was used to manufacture complements for the main automotive manufacturers in the region. However increasing costs of manufacturing the components and increasing overhead costs caused the plant to shut down. The products that were mainly manufactured by the Bridgeton Industries pertained to components of automobiles that were required by the main manufacturers of automobiles in the industry.
The main product lines that were manufactured at the automotive component and fabrication plant by the Bridgeton Industries for its customers included fuel tanks for automobiles, stainless steel exhaust manifolds, the front and rear doors of the automobiles, the muffler exhaust systems for the cars as well as the steel oil pans that are incorporated in manufacturing an automobile. These products were custom made according to the requirements of the customers in the United States market for automobile manufactures only.
The target market of the Bridgeton Industries included the three main bid automobile manufactures that operated in the United States. These automobile manufacturers had a large percentage of the market share of the US automobile market and therefore consumed almost the entire production generated by the automotive component and fabrication plant by Bridgeton Industries. The nature of the business at the Bridgeton Industries was such that a business to business customer/ client model was adopted by the company as the customers of the products manufactured by the Bridgeton Industries were not the end users of the products.
The case presents that the Bridgeton Industries was a highly successful manufacture of components and the automotive component and fabrication plant churned out components and products under the product lines of fuel tanks, exhaust manifolds, doors, mufflers and exhausts as well as oil plans that were entirely purchased by the three big manufactures of the automobiles in the country. However with the advent of the Japanese car manufactures in the United States, the company was forced to operate at reduced costs in order to be effici9nt and appeal to the changing markets.

Despite the changes that were made to control the costs and stream line operations in the plant, the automotive component and fabrication plant was shut down as it was reporting incrementally increasing overhead levels that could not be contained regardless of the effort put into managing the overheads. This case analysis how the company fared and what initiatives could have been taken to better manage the overheads to reduce costs and make the automotive component and fabrication plant more cost effective. Cost Position Evolution
The cost position of the company has developed over the time of its operations due to the internal as well as the external factors that include the demand for automobiles and how much the customers are willing to pay for them in the market. The changing requirements of the customers for cheaper and more affordable cars that provided high mileage increased in the 1970s in the US automobile industry and this impacted the cost bearing capability of the automobile manufacturers. These manufacturers in turn started purchasing the components at cheaper costs.
This meant that companies like the Bridgeton Industries that were in the business of making components and parts for the big three manufacturers in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s were faced with the challenge of reducing their cost of production and operations in order to be more affective. The strategy was adopted by the Bridgeton Industries to reduce the value and the volume of the overheads that existed for the manufacture of the product lines of fuel tanks, exhaust manifolds, doors, mufflers and exhausts as well as oil plans in order to reduce the costs associated with operations.
This strategy was focused on reducing the cost in order to increase the margin on the sales made to the big three automobile manufacturers in the market for increased profitability to sustain operations of the Bridgeton Industries The Bridgeton Industries underwent significant changes and evolution in its cost positions. The company first wrote off the physical machinery, the equipment and the buildings from the automotive component and fabrication plant’s financial books to reduce the costs associated with the depreciation expenses for these items.
Then the company employed the costing strategy for its product lines that was based on the three elements of materials, direct labor, and overheads. The research undertaken to determine the high levels of costs at the Bridgeton Industries and the factors contributing to these costs provided that the overhead burden was one of the main factors that was forcing the automotive component and fabrication plant to be least cost effective when it came to generating profit. The results provided that the overhead burden existed on a ratio of 435 percent of the direct labor cost (Patricia & Cooper, 1993).
This was a significant percentage of the total costs being attributed as an expense for overheads which was forcing Bridgestone Industries into a negative cost position with its customers. The cost position evolution saw that the Bridgestone Industries were gradually facing increasing costs in the form of incremental overhead expenses, increasing spend on the manufacture and processing of the product lines as well as the costs associated with the management and the operation of the automotive component and fabrication plant.
This decreased the appeal of the products being produced at high costs for the customers of the Bridgestone Industries which forced the Bridgestone Industries to reduce shut down the automotive component and fabrication plant as it was continuously depicting increasing costs that reduced the profit margins for the Bridgestone Industries on the products that its sold to the big three automobile manufactures in the Unites States automobile industry.
Internal and External Factors Effecting the Cost Position The increased imports of the European as well as the Japanese make of automobiles in the United States significantly impacted the demand of the automobiles manufactured by the US manufacturers. “Imports of sub-compact cars from Europe and Japan rose steadily in the 1950s, often as families’ second cars but US manufacturers retained their hold on the lucrative markets for larger vehicles.
” (French, 1997, p142) The US manufactures saw their market shrink as the more aware and price conscious consumers shifted to the European and Japanese counter parts for their automobiles, while the US manufacturers were left with making large, excessive fuel consuming vehicles that denoted social status and personal style.
Aside from this the increasing prices of crude oil in the international market in the 1970s also significantly changed the demand of the automobiles as depicted by the consumers. “A crisis in the US car-market developed as a result of sudden unforeseen shifts in the general environment which allowed overseas producers to expand market share rapidly. New car sales faltered in the 1970s and excess capacity increased.
At the same time the leap in fuel prices shifted the consumer preference towards smaller, more fuel efficient cars which Japanese and European makers already supplied in their domestic markets and were better able to produce that were the US manufacturers used to making larger, more up-market ‘gas-guzzlers’” (French, 1997, p142) The automobiles of French and Japanese make were smaller, more fuel efficient as well as more stylish yet cheaper than the those manufactured by the big three US automobile manufactures.
As a result the consumers opted for purchasing the imported cars instead of those manufactured by the Unites States manufacturers. The recession of the 1970s also further reduced the disposal income and the propensity to save for the people in the United States which made purchasing the imported European and Japanese models of automobiles much more attractive to the consumers instead of opting for those models manufactured by the big three US automobile manufacturers.
In the same period the perception of the consumers also significantly changed as was marked by the baby boomer generation and the hippy era. In this period, the consumer became more aware of the environment, the increasing pollution and the contribution that automobiles made towards adding to the pollution levels. As a result the consumers started to look for cheaper alternatives of travel and those which were more environmental friendly that the vehicles manufactured by the big three US automobile manufacturers.
The internal factors that contributed to the changing cost position of the Bridgestone Industries, specifically at the plant pertained to the decreasing demand of the US manufactured cars and increased demand for cheaper cars that was reflected un the restricting cost based purchases being made by the big three manufactures form the Bridgestone Industries.
As the volume of sales decreased for Bridgestone Industries, along with the margin for profits on sales made due to the rising overhead costs the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries significantly changed to become negative and resulted in the closing of the automotive component and fabrication facility by the Bridgestone Industries. Overhead Burden Rate The Bridgestone Industries had a specific method for determining the overhead burden rate for the products that was proposed and set on an annual basis.
“The budgeted unit costs provided by the plant for the 1987 model year study included overhead (burden) applied to products as a percentage of direct labor dollar cost. The overhead percentage was calculated at the budget time and used throughout the model year to allocate overhead to products using a single overhead pool. The overhead rate used in the study was 435% of direct labor cost” (Patricia & Cooper, 1993)

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Question 34

Assignment 2: Your Research Paper’s Annotated Bibliography – ENG 102

Assignment 2: Your Research Paper’s Annotated Bibliography
Revisit the topic that you listed in your research proposal from Module 1, and do some research. If you have some trouble, you may need to narrow it a bit to find appropriate academic source material. Your selected topic will be the topic for your final paper in this class.
For this assignment, you need to complete an annotated bibliography of the sources you are finding for your research paper. As you continue to work on your project, add to your list, so that when you are ready for your final draft you can remove the unused citations and all annotations. After these things are removed, and your page is re-titled “References,” it will be ready to submit as part of the final paper. Here are the things you should look for in a good annotated bibliography:

You use at least three university-level resources that are authoritative, correct, unbiased, current, and coherent.
Your title is “References,” not “Bibliography.” Your authors are listed in alphabetical order, and there is a short explanation after every citation.
Your citations are APA formatted (with hanging indent) and each needed block of annotation text is in the appropriate order.
The work is formatted in 12 point, Times New Roman font, with one inch margins all around.
You offer a description of the source’s usefulness: statistics, clever quote, graph, table, fact, or other relevant information. If a source is not useful, you note that it is not going to be used in your paper.

Submit your assignment to the Submissions Area by the due date assigned.
Assignment 2 Grading CriteriaMaximum PointsUsed only reliable sources as defined in course readings.25Correctly formatted the paper and each citation for each reference in APA style.25Included a detailed annotation for each citation.25Used correct spelling and grammar in annotations and citations.25Total:100

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Question 35

Case of Jake Levy

Your presentation should address the following:
· Identify the presenting problem for the case study you selected. (Remember the presenting problem has to be framed from the perspective of role theory. For example, the presenting problem can be framed within the context of role functioning).
· Identify all the relevant roles assumed by the client.
· Analyze the social expectations and social and cultural norms revolving around the role, social position, and role scripts of one of the roles assumed by the client.
· Explain the role and social position of the social worker in working with the client in the case study.
· Describe how the role(s) and social position(s) assumed by the social worker will influence the relationship between the social worker and the client.
· Identify three assessment questions that are guided by role theory that you will ask the client to better understand the problem.
· Identify and describe two interventions that are aligned with the presenting problem and role theory.
· Identify one outcome that you would measure if you were to evaluate one of the interventions you would implement to determine if the intervention is effective.
· Evaluate one advantage and one limitation in using role theory in understanding the case.

Question 36

Street Crime or White Collar Crime

White Collar Crime

By general definition, a crime is a wronging, proclaimed by law against society. All acts of disobeying the law are crimes. Be it an assault or embezzlement one has committed a wrong. Yet we have learned values and morals from our surroundings which gave us concepts of the degree of harm pertaining to a particular crime. Our normal concept of crime is usually that of a physical one. We as a society, generally conjure images of a personal assault on oneself when defining the concept of a crime. We as a society, generally conceive our concepts by our surroundings.
Society is more frequently exposed to street crimes. It is very rare that a day goes by that we do not hear a murder, physical attack or robbery through the media. Those so called street crimes affect our neighborhoods and society every day. Those crimes are contributing to the destruction of society, our cities, and our streets. The street crime is the most harmful of crimes; it is responsible for the disintegration of society as we know it. To demonstrate the harm caused by the society by street crime, one has to look no further than to inner city neighborhoods.
Street crimes are responsible for injuries, death, sexual assaults and the loss of personal property through force. They can also be attributed to the decline of local business and the drop in education and pride in ones communities as well. In the lower economic neighborhoods, many resort to crime for financial reasons. Members of the community sell drugs or rob as means of support. These deviants do not inflict these crimes on neighborhoods other than their own. This is the major reason why street crime is so harmful.

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Question 37

Discussion 7

This discussion is optional and would count as 10 bonus points. I highly recommend you to take advantage of this bonus discussion in order to make up for points lost elsewhere in the course.
To complete this bonus discussion:

complete the assigned readings and videos.
respond to the question below.
support your answer with citations from your textbook.
use APA Style when citing from your book.
react to two of your classmates’ posts.

Question: “What should be the most important considerations when filling judge and justice positions at the federal level? Why? Use the terms and concepts you learned from your textbook to support your answer. Cite your source(s) using APA Style.”
Requirements

Initial post should be a minimum of 100 words.
Initial post should cite concepts and terminology from the textbook.
Citations should be done in APA Style.

TEXT BOOK INFO:

Free download (PDF): American Government. Click on Get this book > Download book > PDF (Download for free).

Title: American Government by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Author(s): Glen Krutz (ed.) OpenStax, 1st Edition ISBN 13: 978-1938168178

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Question 38

Levels of Achievement Need

Conceptual Framework
Study habits and academic performance of the working students have attracted increased attention among the university teachers and students with the aim of knowing and understanding the reasons, problems and other factors affecting them. This may empower them for lifelong learning to their journey to success hindered by their busy schedules and always no time to their study and academic performance. In Surigao State College of Technology the study habits and academic performance of working students give any positive and or negative impact on their grades depending on how they cope with it.
Figure 1.The Research Paradigm

The research paradigm illustrates the conceptual framework of the study that shows the relationship of the input, process and output of the topic. This framework embodies the specific direction by which the research will have to be undertaken by describing the relationship between specific variables identified in the study. The input consists of the research method applied in conducting the research regarding the study habits and academic performance of the working students. Qualitative research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviours of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies.
The process on the other hand shows how the research being conducted through defining the problem/s of the research first and gather the required data relevant to the research from the respondents through answering the questionnaires. The output as a result, will indicate the general view of the situation on how the behavior and performance of a student relates on their study habit and academic performance. Conclusions are to be made to know and define the outcome of this study and give justification to the research.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the levels of achievement needed and the academic performance of self-supporting student in Surigao State College of Technology particularly the students of Bachelor of Secondary
Education
major in English, from first year to third year college students. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions, 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of their: a. Gender;
b. Age;
c. Monthly Income of their Parents;
2. What is the academic performance of working students from first year to third year in all of their major subjects in English? 3. Is there significant relationship between academic performance of the respondents and the profile of the students with regardsto: a. Gender;
b. Age;
c. Monthly Income of their Parents;
4. What are the study habits of the first year to third Year Collegeworking students? 5. Is there significant relationship between the study habits and the academic performance of the respondents?

Question 39

Good Year Annual Report

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https://corporate.goodyear.com/documents/annualreports/2017-annual-report.pdf

Individual Learning Project Questions
Name_______________________________
General Information:
1. What is the name of your corporation? Goodyear
2. Where are the corporate headquarters? Akron, Ohio
3. What is the corporation’s fiscal year end? Dec 31 2017

What are the primary products or services of the corporation? Together with its U.S. and international subsidiaries, Goodyear develops, manufactures, markets and distributes tires for most applications. It also manufactures and markets rubber-related chemicals for various applications. Goodyear is one of the world’s largest operators of commercial truck service and tire retreading centers. In addition, it operates approximately 1,000 tire and auto service center outlets where it offers its products for retail sale and provides automotive repair and other services

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5. Graph the high and low price of the company’s stock for each quarter of the last two years. What was the high and what was the low?
6. Who is the company’s transfer agent and where are they located?
7. Who are your company’s competitors?
Market Information:
8. On which stock exchange is your corporation’s stock traded?
9. What is the current market price of their stock?
10. What is the ticker symbol used to identify your corporation on the stock exchange?
Internet Information:
11. What is the Internet address of your corporation? Be sure it appears as a hyperlink.
12. Is the corporation’s Annual Report online?
13. Are its financial statements on-line?
14. Is your company listed on Annualreports.com?
15. How long is your company’s 10-K report at the Securities and Exchange Commission website (Edgar Database)?
Cash Flow and Retained Earnings:
16. List the amount of cash flows from each of the 3 activities: Operating, Investing, and Financing for the 2 most recent years. What was the increase or decrease in cash for each of these years?
17. Were there any Non-Cash Investing/Financing Transactions? Describe the type and amount.
18. What is the dollar difference between accrual net income and Cash provided by Operations?
19. What investing activity provided the largest inflow of cash in the current year?
20. What investing activity used the largest amount of cash in the current year?
21. What financing activity provided the largest inflow of cash in the current year?
22. What financing activity used the largest amount of cash in the current year?
23. Does the company have sufficient cash inflows from the appropriate category? Describe any problems the company many experience with cash flow from your analysis of the cash flow statement.
24. Show the change in Retained Earnings for the 2 most recent years. What was net income for each year? How much was paid out in dividends each year?
25. Were the dividends on common stock and/or preferred stock? What was the amount of each?
26. Did Retained Earnings change for any reasons other than net income or dividends? Explain.
27. What classes of stock does your company have?
28. How many shares of each class of stock are authorized, how many are issued, and how many are outstanding?
29. Does your company have any treasury stock? How many shares and what dollar amount?
30. What is the par or stated value of each of your company’s stocks?
Footnote Disclosures:
31. How many footnote disclosures does your company have?
32. How many significant accounting policies are listed under its Summary of Significant Accounting Policies?
33. What does it include as Cash and Cash Equivalents?
34. What method does it use to value Inventory?
35. What method(s) does it use to depreciate its assets?
36. Does it have any leased assets? If yes, describe them.
37. What policies does it have in regard to Foreign Currency Translations?
38. Describe any pending lawsuits in which it is involved.
39. Provide its Earnings per Share for the 2 most recent years?
Report of the Independent Auditor(s):
40. Who is/are your company’s auditor(s)?
41. Where are they located?
42. Does the auditor(s) give a qualified opinion, an unqualified opinion, a disclaimer of opinion, or an adverse opinion? What does that opinion mean? Is it good?
43. What is the auditor’s responsibility in regard to the financial statements?
44. What is management’s responsibility in regard to the financial statements?
45. What financial statements were included in the auditor’s opinion?
46. Did the auditor believe that the statements were presented fairly?
Management’s Report:
47. Who bears the responsibility for the integrity and the objectivity of the financial statements?
48. What does management say they are doing to assure the public that the financial information is reliable?
49. What is the responsibility of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors?

Analysis: (use Excel to complete this section)
50. Provide common-size analysis of your company’s income statement and balance sheet for the 2 most recent years (must be done using Excel with formulas).
51. Provide horizontal analysis of your company’s income statement and balance sheet, showing the dollar amount and percent of change using the 2 most recent years (you must use an Excel spreadsheet with formulas).
52. Perform ratio analysis on your company using the ratios listed in Exhibit 13.16 on page 544 of your text (these must be in an Excel spreadsheet, using formulas to calculate the ratios). You should present them in a similar format as the text: group by category, list name of ratio, formula in words, and the ratio calculation. Give a short explanation of your conclusions about your company after each category of ratios (i.e. How liquid is your company? How efficiently is it using its assets? etc.).
Conclusions:
53. Are you optimistic or pessimistic regarding the future of your chosen corporation? Explain.
54. Would you invest in the stock of the company? Explain.
55. Would you invest in the bonds of the company? Explain.

Question 40

Black Widow Killers

Essay Examples

Black Widow Killers The Baby Butcher strikes again! This could have been the heading of the local paper in the late 1800s, when a small child was found floating down the river in a small town in Great Britain. Amelia Dyer was known as “The Baby Butcher” during the nineteenth century because of her brutal killings of infants and young children. When asked why she committed these sadistic murders she, replied with “I was sending them to God” (Rattle, Vale, & Rennell, 2007). Historically serial killers have been around for centuries.
Although most of these have been men, females account for the most sadistic killings. Why does society find it more likely that a man can kill then a woman? When naming a male serial killer such as Charles Manson, Ted Bundy, or Jack the Ripper, most people probably can name at least one victim. On the other hand mention the name Elizabeth Bathory who murdered more then 300 young women, then bathed in their blood with the belief that her beauty would be restored. Maria Jager murdered a large number of children and adults for profit and thrills while held prisoner in Hungry.
In 1912, Louise Lindoff poisoned her entire family for insurance money. Other victims of female serial killers ranged from small children to grown adults for a number of various reasons. Females could commit murder the same as men. Money, power, lust, revenge, pleasure, or even what they believe is higher powers are among the reasons females decide to kill. According to Peter Vronsky, the author of Serial Killers: The method and madness of monsters, “When women commit violence the only explanation offered has been that it is involuntary, defensive, or the female physiology.

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Postpartum depression, premenstrual syndrome, and menopause have been included among the named culprits (2007). Being an outsider or rejected by society as a child could also play a huge role concerning serial killers. A majority of serial killers both male and female suffer from psychopathic disorders, this is currently called antisocial personality disorder or ASPD (Vronsky p52 pp5). Most serial killers begin developing daydreams or fantasies during childhood. Some of these even begin to torture or kill small animals (Vronsky p4 pp5). A stressful or unstable family life is a ajor factor in most killers. The definition of a serial killer differs from person to person. In 1998, the United States Congress passed a federal law titled: Protection of Children from Sexual Predator Act of 1998. Title 18, United States Code, Chapter 51, and Section 1111, defines serial killing as: The term ‘serial killing’ means a series of three or more killings, not less than one of which was committed within the United States, having common characteristics such as to suggest the reasonable possibility that the crimes were committed by the same actor or actors. Federal Bureau of Investigation Symposium, 2005) The psychopathy of a serial murderer is mostly the same in each crime. They lack the sense of remorse or guilt, are impulsive, feel the need for control, and display predatory behavior (FBI Symposium, 2005). In the case of female killers these traits are acquired during a life changing event or even embedded in them as children. In such cases as Amelia Dyer or Elizabeth Bathory psychopathy played a major role. Not only is psychopathy a significant reason for serial killings there are several other significant reasons as well.
Serial murderers kill for various reasons. Females, however, usually have an ulterior motive in mind when they choose and act upon their victims. These motives come from a variety of sources; money is the biggest reason for women to kill. They target men as victims when it comes to obtaining money. Life insurances policies are one of the biggest reasons why the men are targeted. Women also tend to prey on their families and even small children as a sense of release or freedom. Although these crimes are gruesome and uncalled for acts of violence, the majority of them do not go unpunished.

Most serial killers are caught by law enforcement and sentenced to several years in prison. A few of these criminals are sentenced to death. In the late 1800s this would mean that the criminal would be hung in the town square in front of the entire town. Some crimes remain unsolved until the murderer dies of natural causes, which means they never, get caught or punished for their crimes. Even though cases are solved and criminals are prosecuted, theses crimes come at a cost for the families of the victims. Because the victims of female serial killers range in age, their killings affect many different people.
Amelia dyer, killed infants whose mothers could not care for them. Elizabeth Bathory, killed young women of teenage years, these killings affected the mother’s of the victims and their families. People such as Maria Jager or Louise Lindoff killed mostly adults that left parentless children and many families with unanswered questions. Male or female serial killers are everywhere. He/She could be the lady next door or the man down the street. Motives and reasons are unclear for most serial killings and their mental states are mostly to blame. The victims of these killers can range in age, race, and gender.
Remember, think twice in who trust is placed, because she may just become the next black widow killer. References Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2005). Serial Killer Symposium. Retrieved from http://www. fbi. gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder Morton, R. J. , & Hills, M. A. (2005, August). Serial Murders Multi-Disinplanary Perspectives for Investigators. Retrieved from http://www. fbi. gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder Vronsky, P. (2007). Female Serial Killers How and why women become monsters. New York, NY: The Berkley Publishing Group. Rattle, A. , Vale, A. , & Rennell, T. (2007). Amelia Dyer, Angel Maker.

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Question 41

Direct Instruction: Dynamics of high school teaching

It is very important to create and foster a positive atmosphere in learning. In order to do this the teacher is required to use various strategies geared towards motivating students, fostering good behaviors and learning to students and also motivate students. By creating a positive climate for learning, a teacher also makes the students develop their self-esteem and promote self responsibility to the students. By creating a positive climate for learning, the teacher makes the students to even develop more interest in the subject.
A positive climate for leaning can be created by encouraging inclusive learning whereby students are given chance to give their views, there is no discrimination or stereotyping in the classroom regarding the capability of the students and also a classroom environment where there is more interaction between the teacher and the students and also among students (State university, 2010). Creating and implementation of a positive climate for learning involves careful planning at the beginning of the teaching programme.
The learning environment should take consideration both the cognitive space and physical space. Physical space is managed by the teacher making sure that the classroom is warm and inviting, the classroom arrangement should match with the philosophy that teacher has in his or her learning. The cognitive space involves the creation of motivational climate. The teacher should establish and implement classroom management practice that creates an environment that is engaging for students in the classroom.

This can be done by creating a motivational climate and setting expectations. Expectations are set in regard to students behavior. This is expressed by how interactions are made with peers and with the teacher (A partnership of the laboratory for student success and the institute for educational leadership, 2007). Motivational climate involves the development a climate whereby the teacher encourages students to do their best and help them be excited and have more interest about what they are learning. (Kerstges, 22/8/1999).
Failure to do the above makes there to be a negative classroom climate like the one I expressed with my chemistry teacher who had the feeling that female students were incapable of performing in sciences subject. In teaching, the teacher ignored the concerns of the female students. He would always discourage the female students that he was not so much concerned about there performance because they are underachievers in sciences. There were times when he would not even mark their books when he gave assignments.

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Question 42

Alienation in Black Boy

Essay Examples

Carlos Hernandez Eng. 111 Prof. Weitz 02/18/2009 Causes of Alienation in Black Boy Black Boy demonstrates how the protagonist, Richard Wright, alienated himself from his community because he did not share the same religious and societal beliefs practiced by his community and felt that the questions he had about everyday life would not be answered if he conformed to his degraded position in society. Richard alienated himself from his community because he wanted to find answers to his questions about racism that were not being answered.
His desire and capacity for knowledge is discouraged and underestimated by whites and blacks due to living in the Jim Crow South. Religion is also a cause of alienation because Richard does not share the same enthusiasm for religion as the community does. These are all causes of alienation for Richard. The first signs of alienation come as a result of Richard’s curiosity with the world around him. An insatiable sense of curiosity grew in him after learning to read, write, and count to one hundred that he soon became, “a nuisance by asking far too many questions of everybody. This led him to learn about the relations between whites and blacks. After finding out about the white man beating the black boy he began to ask questions regarding race and why there is a puzzling coexistence between whites and blacks. He asked his mother why that happened and she simply responded by saying, “You’re too young young to understand. ” She did this to dodge this controversial topic. He had so many questions regarding this topic and no one in his community was willing to give him a straight, if any, answer.
On another occasion, Richard asked his mother if they could look in the white side of the train and noticed his mother becoming irritated. “I had begun to notice that my mother became irritated when I questioned her about whites and blacks, and I could not quite understand it. ” His inquisitive nature and lack of answers lead him to alienate himself from his community by going on his journey to the North in order to answer these questions of racism. Richard’s curiosity led him to desire knowledge.

This thirst for knowledge is another cause of alienation for Richard. It results in alienating himself as well as being alienated from the black community. For example, when Granny found out that her tenant, Ella, was reading Bluebeard and His Seven Wives to Richard, she objected to it and forbade her from reading to him on religious grounds by saying, “That’s the Devil’s work. ” When Richard protested, she responded by saying, “You’re going to burn in Hell. ” It seems that her deep religious beliefs did not promote creativity or knowledge.
Her disallowance of creativity and expanding his mind only made it more desirable for Richard. He secretly took books from Ella and tried to read them. Another example of this is when he wrote the story in the local black paper. His own classmates did not believe that he had written it himself and thought he had stolen the idea for the story. After this occurrence he said, “If I had thought anything in writing the story, I had thought that perhaps it would make me more acceptable to them, and now it was cutting me off from them more completely that ever. This experience led him to want to go to the North to pursue a writing career, something he could not do in the South because it was discouraged by whites and could have fatal consequences, and because his community is not all that supportive because of that. In this way he is alienated from his community and alienating himself. His curious nature and thirst for knowledge led him to seek religion to answer the questions he had regarding racism. Religion is an additional source of alienation for Richard.
He is constantly being pressured to join the church congregation by his mother, Aunt Addie, and Granny. One of the first unpleasant experiences he had with religion can be found in the first pages of the book. His mother invited their local church’s preacher to dinner and that night’s dinner consisted of soup and fried chicken, a sign that it was a special dinner. Richard refused to eat the soup and while everyone else finished their soup and began eating chicken he became upset, believing that “the preacher [was] going to eat all the chicken. This dinner had a negative effect on him because he learned that “the preacher, like his father, was used to having his own way. ” Since he disliked his father for abandoning his family, it was natural for him to associate this religious figure with his father and therefore, he saw religion in a negative way. After being persuaded by his classmates to give religion a try, he makes an effort to join the crowd, “I was so starved for association with people that I allowed myself to be seduced by it all. although he made an effort, he could not share his family’s rigid Christian fundamentalism, further alienating himself from his family and his community. Richard was not a believer because he “had not settled in [his] mind whether [he] believed in God or not; his existence or nonexistence never worried [him]. ” After going to a revival at the local church and confessing to the other boys that he felt nothing, “ they too admitted that they felt nothing. ” This only confirmed his belief that religion led to conformism.
He believed this because of the harsh environment in which he had to live that was reluctant to answer the questions he had about society. He realized that the conformist nature of religion would not lead him to finding the answers he sought of racism, nor would it satisfy his desire for knowledge on the issue. Had he succumbed to the wishes of his friends and family he would have given up his individuality and conformed to the way of life available in the South. By not being able to share in his community’s religious beliefs, he further alienates himself from the rest of the group because of his nonconformity.
Richard Wright alienates himself from his community because he does not share societal and religious beliefs followed by those in his community. He refuses to conform to his degraded position in society. Richard does not accept a fundamentalist Christianity because it is used to obstruct his goal of becoming a writer, primarily by Granny. Although he is an outsider who feels little connection with other people, he still cares for them nonetheless, as it is shown when he decides to go North with the promise to send for his mother and his brother. These are the causes of alienation seen in Black Boy.

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Question 43

Assign A

Assignment 1: Rationale for Agency Selected
Due Week 2 and worth 100 points

For this and the following assignments, which will become a major part of your portfolio, you will take on the role of a consultant for a government agency. The first role of the consultant is to familiarize yourself with the agency, its departments, and key actors. Select a local, county, state, or federal agency and a department within the agency. Usually, you can find contact information on their Websites.
After selecting an agency and department, you are expected to:

Provide a rationale for your selection, and research the agency and department.
Interview at least two (2) representatives of the agency’s department for the different sections of the paper. (If you can obtain more than two (2) different interviews, do so. The more perspectives, the better. Interviews can be conducted in person, by phone, or by an electronic method such as email.)
Research the literature regarding issues that involve the selected agency and public administration in general.

Assume the role of a consultant who works for a consulting firm that has asked you to research this agency and file a report with the Vice President (VP) of Accounts and Client Support.

Write a two to three (2-3) page paper, titled Part I: Background of and Rationale for the {Selected Agency} in which you separate the content into sections:

Provide background information about the agency and its department, mission, and its goals / objectives. (Title this section Introduction.)
Describe three to five (3-5) functions of this agency. (Title this section Functions of the Agency.)
Analyze two to three (2-3) current events involving the agency. (Use the e-Activities from Week 1 and Week 2.) (Title this section Current Events.)
Explain the rationale for selecting this agency with two to three (2-3) justifiable reasons. (Title this section Rationale.)
List four to five (4-5) academic sources and government Websites you expect to access in your research. (Include no more than one (1) non-government Website.)

Some Websites you may want to access are:

U.S. Government Printing Office located at http://www.gpo.gov/
The Federal Register located at http://www.federalregister.gov/
U.S. Government Accountability Office located at http://www.gao.gov/
American Society for Public Administrators located at http://www.aspanet.org/public/

When using these sites, please make sure they follow APA formatting within the text and on the Reference Page.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The sections must have appropriate titles. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The assignment must be submitted as a Microsoft Word document.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Examine the basic components and functions of public sector administration.
Recommend ways to improve specific areas of public administration.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in public administration.
Write clearly and concisely about public administration using proper writing mechanics.

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Question 44

Literature Evaluation Table

Literature Evaluation Table
In nursing practice, accurate identification and application of research is essential to achieving successful outcomes. Being able to articulate the information and successfully summarize relevant peer-reviewed articles in a scholarly fashion helps to support the student’s ability and confidence to further develop and synthesize the progressively more complex assignments that constitute the components of the course change proposal capstone project.
For this assignment, the student will provide a synopsis of eight peer-reviewed articles from nursing journals using an evaluation table that determines the level and strength of evidence for each of the eight articles. The articles should be current within the last 5 years and closely relate to the PICOT statement developed earlier in this course. The articles may include quantitative research, descriptive analyses, longitudinal studies, or meta-analysis articles. A systematic review may be used to provide background information for the purpose or problem identified in the proposed capstone project. Use the “Literature Evaluation Table” resource to complete this assignment.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
AttachmentsNRS-490-RS-LiteratureEvaluationTable.docx
RUBRIC
Attempt Start Date: 06-Apr-2020 at 12:00:00 AM
Due Date: 12-Apr-2020 at 11:59:59 PM
Maximum Points: 75.0

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Literature Evaluation Table – Rubric
No of Criteria: 13 Achievement Levels: 5CriteriaAchievement LevelsDescriptionPercentageUnsatisfactory 0-71%0.00 %Less Than Satisfactory 72-75%75.00 %Satisfactory 76-79%79.00 %Good 80-89%89.00 %Excellent 90-100%100.00 %Article Selection100.0 Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article5.0Author, journal (peer-reviewed), and permalink or working link to access article section is not included.Author, journal (peer-reviewed), and permalink or working link to access article section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Author, journal (peer-reviewed), and permalink or working link to access article section is present.Author, journal (peer-reviewed), and permalink or working link to access article section is clearly provided and well developed.Author, journal (peer-reviewed), and permalink or working link to access article section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Article Title and Year Published 5.0Article title and year published section is not included.Article title and year published section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Article title and year published section is present.Article title and year published section is clearly provided and well developed.Article title and year published section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Research Questions (Qualitative) or Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes or Aim of Study10.0Research questions (qualitative) or hypothesis (quantitative), and purposes or aim of study section is not included.Research questions (qualitative) or hypothesis (quantitative), and purposes or aim of study section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Research questions (qualitative) or hypothesis (quantitative), and purposes or aim of study section is present.Research questions (qualitative) or hypothesis (quantitative), and purposes or aim of study section is clearly provided and well developed.Research questions (qualitative) or hypothesis (quantitative), and purposes or aim of study section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)5.0Design (type of quantitative, or type of qualitative) section is not included.Design (type of quantitative, or type of qualitative) section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Design (type of quantitative, or type of qualitative) section is present. Design (type of quantitative, or type of qualitative) section is clearly provided and well developed.Design (type of quantitative, or type of qualitative) section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Setting or Sample5.0Setting or sample section is not included.Setting or sample section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Setting or sample section is present.Setting or sample section is clearly provided and well developed.Setting or sample section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Methods: Intervention or Instruments5.0Methods: Intervention or instruments section is not included.Methods: Intervention or instruments section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Methods: Intervention or instruments section is present.Methods: Intervention or instruments section is clearly provided and well developed.Methods: Intervention or instruments section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Analysis10.0Analysis section is not included.Analysis section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Analysis section is present.Analysis section is clearly provided and well developed.Analysis section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Key Findings10.0Key findings section is not included.Key findings section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Key findings section is present.Key findings section is clearly provided and well developed.Key findings section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Recommendations10.0Recommendations section is not included.Recommendations section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Recommendations section is present.Recommendations section is clearly provided and well developed.Recommendations section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP or Capstone10.0Explanation of how the article supports EBP or capstone section is not included.Explanation of how the article supports EBP or capstone section is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.Explanation of how the article supports EBP or capstone section is present.Explanation of how the article supports EBP or capstone section is clearly provided and well developed.Explanation of how the article supports EBP or capstone section is comprehensive and thoroughly developed with supporting details.Presentation10.0The piece is not neat or organized, and it does not include all required elements.The work is not neat and includes minor flaws or omissions of required elements.The overall appearance is general, and major elements are missing.The overall appearance is generally neat, with a few minor flaws or missing elements.The work is well presented and includes all required elements. The overall appearance is neat and professional.Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use)10.0Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is employed.Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)5.0Sources are not documented.Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.Total Percentage 100

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Question 45

Second Foundation 3. Two Men and a Peasant

Rossem is one of those marginal worlds usually neglected in Galactic history and scarcely ever obtruding itself upon the notice of men of the myriad happier planets.
In the latter days of the Galactic Empire, a few political prisoners had inhabited its wastes, while an observatory and a small Naval garrison served to keep it from complete desertion. Later, in the evil days of strife, even before the time of Hari Seldon, the weaker sort of men, tired of the periodic decades of insecurity and danger; weary of sacked planets and a ghostly succession of ephemeral emperors making their way to the Purple for a few wicked, fruitless years – these men fled the populated centers and sought shelter in the barren nooks of the Galaxy.
Along the chilly wastes of Rossem, villages huddled. Its sun was a small ruddy niggard that clutched its dribble of heat to itself, while snow beat thinly down for nine months of the year. The tough native grain lay dormant in the soil those snow-filled months, then grew and ripened in almost panic speed, when the sun’s reluctant radiation brought the temperature to nearly fifty.

Small, goatlike animals cropped the grasslands, kicking the thin snow aside with tiny, tri-hooved feet.
The men of Rossem had, thus, their bread and their milk – and when they could spare an animal – even their meat. The darkly ominous forests that gnarled their way over half of the equatorial region of the planet supplied a tough, fine-grained wood for housing. This wood, together with certain furs and minerals, was even worth exporting, and the ships of the Empire came at times and brought in exchange farm machinery, atomic heaters, even televisor sets. The last was not really incongruous, for the long winter imposed a lonely hibernation upon the peasant.
Imperial history flowed past the peasants of Rossem. The trading ships might bring news in impatient spurts; occasionally new fugitives would arrive – at one time, a relatively large group arrived in a body and remained – and these usually had news of the Galaxy.
It was then that the Rossemites learned of sweeping battles and decimated populations or of tyrannical emperors and rebellious viceroys. And they would sigh and shake their heads, and draw their fur collars closer about their bearded faces as they sat about the village square in the weak sun and philosophized on the evil of men.
Then after a while, no trading ships arrived at all, and life grew harder. Supplies of foreign, soft food, of tobacco, of machinery stopped. Vague word from scraps gathered on the televisor brought increasingly disturbing news. And finally it spread that Trantor had been sacked. The great capital world of all the Galaxy, the splendid, storied, unapproachable and incomparable home of the emperors had been despoiled and ruined and brought to utter destruction.
It was something inconceivable, and to many of the peasants of Rossem, scratching away at their fields, it might well seem that the end of the Galaxy was at hand.
And then one day not unlike other days a ship arrived again. The old men of each village nodded wisely and lifted their old eyelids to whisper that thus it had been in their father’s time – but it wasn’t, quite.
This ship was not an Imperial ship. The glowing Spaceship-and-Sun of the Empire was missing from its prow. It was a stubby affair made of scraps of older ships – and the men within called themselves soldiers of Tazenda.
The peasants were confused. They had not heard of Tazenda, but they greeted the soldiers nevertheless in the traditional fashion of hospitality. The newcomers inquired closely as to the nature of the planet, the number of its inhabitants, the number of its cities – a word mistaken by the peasants to mean “villages” to the confusion of all concerned – its type of economy and so on.
Other ships came and proclamations were issued all over the world that Tazenda was now the ruling world, that tax-collecting stations would be established girdling the equator – the inhabited region – that percentages of grain and furs according to certain numerical formulae would be collected annually.
The Rossemites had blinked solemnly, uncertain of the word “taxes.” When collection time came, many had paid, or had stood by in confusion while the uniformed, other-wordlings loaded the harvested corn and the pelts on to the broad ground-cars.
Here and there indignant peasants banded together and brought out ancient hunting weapons – but of this nothing ever came. Grumblingly they had disbanded when the men of Tazenda came and with dismay watched their hard struggle for existence become harder.
But a new equilibrium was reached. The Tazendian governor lived dourly in the village of Gentri, from which all Rossemites were barred. He and the officials under him were dim otherworld beings that rarely impinged on the Rossemite ken. The tax-farmers, Rossemites in the employ of Tazenda, came periodically, but they were creatures of custom now – and the peasant had learned how to hide his grain and drive his cattle into the forest, and refrain from having his hut appear too ostentatiously prosperous. Then with a dull, uncomprehending expression he would greet all sharp questioning as to his assets by merely pointing at what they could see.
Even that grew less, and taxes decreased, almost as If Tazenda wearied of extorting pennies from such a world.
Trading sprang up and perhaps Tazenda found that more profitable. The men of Rossem no longer received in exchange the polished creations of the Empire, but even Tazendian machines and Tazendian food was better than the native stuff. And there were clothes for the women of other than gray home-spun, which was a very important thing.
So once again, Galactic history glided past peacefully enough, and the peasants scrabbIed life out of the hard soil.
Narovi blew into his beard as he stepped out of his cottage.
The first snows were sifting across the hard ground and the sky was a dull, overcast pink. He squinted carefully upward and decided that no real storm was in sight. He could travel to Gentri without much trouble and get rid of his surplus grain in return for enough canned foods to last the winter.
He roared back through the door, which he opened a crack for the purpose: “Has the car been fed its fuel, yunker?”
A voice shouted from within, and then Narovi’s oldest son, his short, red beard not yet completely outgrown its boyish sparseness, joined him.
“The car,” he said, sullenly, “is fueled and rides well, but for the bad condition of the axles. For that I am of no blame. I have told you it needs expert repairs.”
The old man stepped back and surveyed his son through lowering eyebrows, then thrust his hairy chin outward: “And is the fault mine? Where and in what manner may I achieve expert repairs? Has the harvest then been anything but scanty for five years? Have my herds escaped the pest? Have the pelts climbed of themselves-”
“Narovi!” The well-known voice from within stopped him in mid-word. He grumbled, “Well, well – and now your mother must insert herself into the affairs of a father and his son. Bring out the car, and see to it that the storage trailers are securely attached.”

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He pounded his gloved hands together, and looked upward again. The dimly-ruddy clouds were gathering and the gray sky that showed in the rifts bore no warmth. The sun was hidden.
He was at the point of looking away, when his dropping eyes caught and his finger almost automatically rose on high while his mouth fell open in a shout, in complete disregard of the cold air.
“Wife,” he called vigorously, “Old woman – come here.”
An indignant head appeared at a window. The woman’s eyes followed his finger, gaped. With a cry, she dashed down the wooden stairs, snatching up an old wrap and a square of linen as she went. She emerged with the linen wrapped insecurely over her head and ears, and the wrap dangling from her shoulders.
She snuffled: “It is a ship from outer space.”
And Narovi remarked impatiently: “And what else could it be? We have visitors, old woman, visitors!”
The ship was sinking slowly to a landing on the bare frozen field in the northern portions of Narovi’s farm.
“But what shall we do?” gasped the woman. “Can we offer these people hospitality? Is the dirt floor of our hovel to be theirs and the pickings of last week’s hoecake?”

“Shall they then go to our neighbors?” Narovi purpled past the crimson induced by the cold and his arms in their sleek fur covering lunged out and seized the woman’s brawny shoulders.
“Wife of my soul,” he purred, “you will take the two chairs from our room downstairs; you will see that a fat youngling is slaughtered and roasted with tubers; you will bake a fresh hoecake. I go now to greet these men of power from outer space… and… and-” He paused, placed his great cap awry, and scratched hesitantly. “Yes, I shall bring my jug of brewed grain as well. Hearty drink is pleasant.”
The woman’s mouth had flapped idly during this speech. Nothing came out. And when that stage passed, it was only a discordant screech that issued.
Narovi lifted a finger, “Old woman, what was it the village Elders said a se’nnight since? Eh? Stir your memory. The Elders went from farm to farm – themselves! Imagine the importance of it! – to ask us that should any ships from outer space land, they were to be informed immediately on the orders of the governor.
“And now shall I not seize the opportunity to win into the good graces of those in power? Regard that ship. Have you ever seen its like? These men from the outer worlds are rich, great. The governor himself sends such urgent messages concerning them that the Elders walk from farm to farm in the cooling weather. Perhaps the message is sent throughout all Rossem that these men are greatly desired by the Lords of Tazenda – and it is on my farm that they are landing.”
He fairly hopped for anxiety, “The proper hospitality now – the mention of my name to the governor – and what may not be ours?”
His wife was suddenly aware of the cold biting through her thin house-clothing. She leaped towards the door, shouting over her shoulders, “Leave then quickly.”
But she was speaking to a man who was even then racing towards the segment of the horizon against which the ship sank.
***
Neither the cold of the world, nor its bleak, empty spaces worried General Han Pritcher. Nor the poverty of their surroundings, nor the perspiring peasant himself.
What did bother him was the question of the wisdom of their tactics? He and Channis were alone here.
The ship, left in space, could take care of itself in ordinary circumstances, but still, he felt unsafe. It was Channis, of course, who was responsible for this move. He looked across at the young man and caught him winking cheerfully at the gap in the furred partition, in which a woman’s peeping eyes and gaping mouth momentarily appeared.
Channis, at least, seemed completely at ease. That fact Pritcher savored with a vinegary satisfaction. His game had not much longer to proceed exactly as he wished it. Yet, meanwhile their wrist ultrawave sender-receivers were their only connection with the ship.
And then the peasant host smiled enormously and bobbed his head several times and said in a voice oily with respect, “Noble Lords, I crave leave to tell you that my eldest son – a good, worthy lad whom my poverty prevents from educating as his wisdom deserves – has informed me that the Elders will arrive soon. I trust your stay here has been as pleasant as my humble means – for I am poverty-stricken, though a hard-working, honest, and humble farmer, as anyone here will tell you – could afford.”
“Elders?” said Channis, lightly. “The chief men of the region here?”
“So they are, Noble Lords, and honest, worthy men all of them, for our entire village is known throughout Rossem as a just and righteous spot – though living is hard and the returns of the fields and forests meager. Perhaps you will mention to the Elders, Noble Lords, of my respect and honor for travelers and it may happen that they will request a new motor wagon for our household as the old one can scarcely creep and upon the remnant of it depends our livelihood.”
He looked humbly eager and Han Pritcher nodded with the properly aloof condescension required of the role of “Noble, Lords” bestowed upon them.
“A report of your hospitality shall reach the ears of your Elders.”
Pritcher seized the next moments of isolation to speak to the apparently half-sleeping Channis.
“I am not particularly fond of this meeting of the Elders,” he said. “Have you any thoughts on the subject?”
Channis seemed surprised. “No. What worries you?”
“It seems we have better things to do than to become conspicuous here.’
Channis spoke hastily, in a low monotoned voice: “It may be necessary to risk becoming conspicuous in our next moves. We won’t find the type of men we want, Pritcher, by simply reaching out a hand into a dark bag and groping. Men who rule by tricks of the mind need not necessarily be men in obvious power. In the first place, the psychologists of the Second Foundation are probably a very small minority of the total population, just as on your own First Foundation, the technicians and scientists formed a minority. The ordinary inhabitants are probably just that – very ordinary. The psychologists may even be well hidden, and the men in the apparently ruling position, may honestly think they are the true masters. Our solution to that problem may be found here on this frozen lump of a planet.”
“I don’t follow that at all.”
“Why, see here, it’s obvious enough. Tazenda is probably a huge world of millions or hundreds of millions. How could we identify the psychologists among them and be able to report truly to the Mule that we have located the Second Foundation? But here, on this tiny peasant world and subject planet, an the Tazendian rulers, our host informs us, are concentrated in their chief village of Gentri. There may be only a few hundred of them there, Pritcher, and among them must be one or more of the men of the Second Foundation. We will go there eventually, but let us see the Elders first – it’s a logical step on the way.”
They drew apart easily, as their black-bearded host tumbled into the room again, obviously agitated.
“Noble Lords, the Elders are arriving. I crave leave to beg you once more to mention a word, perhaps, on my behalf-” He almost bent double in a paroxysm of fawning.
“We shall certainly remember you,” said Channis. “Are these your Elders?”
They apparently were. There were three.
One approached. He bowed with a dignified respect and said: “We are honored. Transportation has been provided, Respected sirs, and we hope for the pleasure of your company at our Meeting Hall.”
Third Interlude

The First Speaker gazed wistfully at the night sky. Wispy clouds scudded across the faint stargleams. Space looked actively hostile. It was cold and awful at best but now it contained that strange creature, the Mule, and the very content seemed to darken and thicken it into ominous threat.
The meeting was over. It had not been long. There had been the doubts and questionings inspired by the difficult mathematical problem of dealing with a mental mutant of uncertain makeup. All the extreme permutations had had to be considered.
Were they even yet certain? Somewhere in this region of space – within reaching distance as Galactic spaces go – was the Mule. What would he do?
It was easy enough to handle his men. They reacted – and were reacting – according to plan.
But what of the Mule himself?

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Question 46

Regular Exercise Program Benefits

The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association recommend adults get 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Regular exercise has been proven to reduce risk factors for diseases such as cancer, heart disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and stroke (Schmidt, 2016).
Prior to beginning work on this assignment, review this week’s required resources, including the Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults ( https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2011/07000/Quantity_and_Quality_of_Exercise_for_Developing.26.aspx) article. Examine the effects of exercise on health by addressing the following items in your assignment:

Describe the physical and mental health benefits of participating in a regular exercise program.
Identify the chronic physiological responses that occur from a regular exercise program.
Describe the importance of the warm up and cool down before and after exercise.
Determine the importance of including flexibility in an exercise program.
Explain the benefits of resistance training.
Analyze the health consequences of a sedentary lifestyle.

The Benefits of a Regular Exercise Program assignment

Must be three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style.
Use APA formatted subheadings to help organize your paper.
Must include a separate title page
Must utilize academic voice.
Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.
Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.
Must document any information used from sources in APA style.
Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style.

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Question 47

Week 8 environmental science

Carbon dioxide is held responsible for much of global warming. For this discussion, conduct independent research on technological innovations that have been proven to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Note the following as you begin your research:

Good places to start your research include Basic Search: Strayer University Online Library, Google Scholar, or governmental websites such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the U.S. Department of Transportation.
You may also use the Internet to conduct your research. Wikipedia and personal blogs, however, do not qualify as quality resources.

In this posting, complete the following:

Describe one technological innovation that has been proven to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Explain to your classmates why you selected this particular technological innovation as opposed to others.
Identify the two most useful resources you consulted about your selected technological innovation. Be sure to include the full citation for these resources and format them according to Strayer Writing Standards (SWS).

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Question 48

Stock

The purpose of this assignment is to allow students the opportunity to research a Fortune 500 company stock using the popular online research tool, Yahoo Finance. The tool allows the student to review analyst reports and other key financial information necessary to evaluate the stock value and make an educated decision on whether to invest.
Assignment Steps
Select a Fortune 500 company from one of the following industries:

Pharmaceutical
Energy
Retail
Automotive
Computer Hardware
Manufacturing
Mining

Access Yahoo Finance and enter the company name.
Review the financial information and statistics provided for the stock you selected and answer the following:

What is the ticker symbol of the company you chose?
What is the Current Stock Price?
What is the Market Cap for the stock you chose?
What is the Price to Earnings Ratio?
What is the Dividend and Yield?
What is the Enterprise Value?
What is the Beta?
Was there a Stock Split, and if so, when?
What was the closing stock price for the last 5 days?
What was the 52 Week High for this stock?
What is the Book Value per Share?
What type of rating are analysts recommending (i.e. buy, hold, etc.)?
What is the target price analysts are predicting for this stock?
What is the analyst’s average revenue estimate for next year?
What are some of the significant news items and press releases made by the company over the last year?

Explain in 600 words why you would or would not recommend investing in this stock.

Describe the relationship between the value of the stock and the price to earnings ratio.
What information does the Market Capitalization (Market Cap) and Beta provide to the investor?

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Question 49

Unit III Case Study – Training and Development

For the case study, we will focus on the importance of safety and all parties helping to make safety a priority. The effectiveness of the safety training will depend on how prepared the participants are for the training and their perception of the training.

Review “Case: Safety First” located in the textbook on page 196, and respond to the prompts below. You are not required to answer the questions at the end of the case study in the textbook.

1. Examine the components of an effective training needs analysis for this scenario. What would the basic parts for a successful training program be?

2. Describe how the training should be delivered, and briefly describe one motivational theory from those listed on pages 161–173 in the textbook and how it supports this type of training to enhance an organization’s performance.

Your case study should be at least three pages in length. You are required to use APA style for this assignment; your writing should be clear and concise. Information about accessing the grading rubric for this assignment is provided below.

Unit VII Homework
In this homework assignment, you will develop a table on performance appraisals (PA) and how they are applied to training.

In column 1, identify three different types of PAs that can be offered.

In column 2, analyze how the PA can be applied to a training effort.

In column 3, identify one type of training and one assessment tool for each PA that could be used to identify training success.

Question 50

Week 1 assign op man

Midas
Read the “Midas” case study in Chapter 2 of your text and respond to the guided response below in a three- to four-page paper in accordance with APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. In this paper you must:

Discuss the anticipated impacts (both positive and negative) upon operating efficiencies, and recommend solutions to minimize the negative impacts.
Discuss whether or not operating practices should be changed to accommodate the tune-ups. Be sure to explain your reasoning.
Examine the reasons why input should be gathered from the shop owners.
Discuss the type of input that should be gathered.
Describe the processes and steps needed to launch this new program.

Your paper should be in paragraph form (avoid the use of bullet points) and supported with the concepts outlined in your text and additional scholarly sources.
Submit your three- to four-page paper (not including the title and reference pages). Your paper must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center and must cite at least three scholarly sources in addition to the textbook.
Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

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Question 51

Be Happier by Consuming Less

Andres Martinez Garcia Section 1010 03/18/13 Prof. Cheryl L. Flanigan Essay 2 Be Happier by Consuming Less Consumerist is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever greater amounts. In the American consumption, people do not know how much is enough, do we really need all we buy? Or we just buy it because everyone else has it? Does it make us any happier? In the article “The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So Much More That They Need” Juliet Schor shares with us her point of view about American Consumption.
In Schor’s article says, “The average American now finds it harder to achieve a satisfying standard of living than 25 years ago” (411). Also that “The competitive consumption, the idea that spending is in large part driven by a comparative or competitive process in which individuals try to keep up with the norms of the social group with which they identify as a reference group” (412). Finally she believes that “Low income children are more likely to be exposed to commercials at school, as well as home” (413). Our personal consumer choices have ecological, social, and spiritual consequences.
Much of what we purchase is not essential for our survival or even basic human comfort but is based on impulse, a momentary desire, and there is a hidden price that we, and future generations will pay for it too. The American economy’s ultimate purpose is to produce more consumer goods, not better health care, education, housing, transportation, but to provide more stuff to consumers. First, in Schor’s article she says, “The average American now finds it harder to achieve a satisfying standard of living than 25 years ago” (411).

Nowadays people have to work longer hours than 25 year ago, to be able to pay all their desires. Having more and newer things each year has become not just something we want but something we need. The idea of more, ever increasing wealth has become the center of our identity, and this looks like an addiction. For example, my aunt Maria works 5 days a week to be able to pay all her bills and sometimes does overtime. She might have a lot of new and cool things, but she doesn’t even have time to enjoy all these things because she has to be working just to pay all she has.
My aunt has a salary of $9. 25 per hour and getting a check of $740 biweekly which she have to use to pay her car $200, plus her phone $85, personal stuff $150, and the list keep going. I have worked 40 hours a week, going to classes full-time with little satisfaction. Without working that long, I am less stressed, and I prefer to learn how to spend less money, than spending more, and live stressed all the time. People should take more responsibility for themselves and their families and think outside of the box when it comes to life.
Working less hours and buying fewer products is a good way to start. Also, Schor says, “The competitive consumption, the idea that spending is in large part driven by a comparative or competitive process in which individuals try to keep up with the norms of the social group with which they identify as a reference group” (412). People try to be in the same level that everyone else; if they see that somebody bought something, they will try to have that, just because that person has it. An example is the iPhones people are obsessed with them.
The first iPhone was the 3G, then 3GS, 4, 4S, and the 5 that is the last one that just came out. All of these iPhones do almost the same functions; they just changed the size, and some other little things. People spend a lot of money buying the iPhones; the prices are between $300 and $500. The point is that people want to keep up with the newest things, just because other people will have it. For example, my cousin Heysus who is 23 years old, have been buying all the iPhones, because all his friends have them, and whenever came a new iPhone, he ordered it immediately to keep up with what his friends have.
Another point is that people with less income, tend to watch more TV, in Schor’s article says, “Low income children are more likely to be exposed to commercials at school, as well as home” (413). Television and marketing are a big influence of how people spend their money. We watched an example of it in the movie of Super-Size Me, of how the companies spend a lot of their money on marketing, because they know that people is going to buy their products. We need to make people conscious about the problem that we all have as a society.
Without our consumer impulse to buy the newest, coolest things on the market, there would be no market. People should think more about what they buy, and should not do unnecessary purchases I think that some people keep worrying more about what they can buy, and how they can have better and newest things instead of be worrying about how they can live happier, and less stressed. An individual does not necessarily have to live as a rich person to be happy. The thought of shorter hours working is a wealth of opportunity and adventure that no Disneyland or Las Vegas vacation can offer.
It is actually stress-free and can help us to have time to more valuable parts of our life, like having more time to spend with our family and friends. Finally, as a student that works and studies at the same time, I have to be a smart consumer. I ask myself what I need and what I really don’t. Why do I need a car? Is it necessary to have a laptop when we have a library full of computers? We all need to learn that how to spend our money in a better way, and know that we do not need to have the newest and coolest things that the market offer us to be happy.
As we saw in the article “The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So More That They Need” Juliet Schor shares with us her point of view about American Consumption. In Schor’s article says “The average American now finds it harder to achieve a satisfying standard of living than 25 years ago” (411). Also that “The competitive consumption, the idea that spending is in large part driven by a comparative or competitive process in which individuals try to keep up with the norms of the social group with which they identify as a reference group” (412).
Finally she believes that “Low income children are more likely to be exposed to commercials at school, as well as home” (413). We need to learn that how to be a smart consumer, and do not spend more of what we can afford. Works Cited Schor, Juliet. “The New Politics of Consumptions: Why Americans Want So Much More Than They Need. ” Searching For Causes. New York: Harper. 1999. 410-414. Print. “Consumption. ” Wikipedia. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. Super Size Me. Dir. Morgan Spurlock. Perf. Morgan Spurlcok , Daryl Isaacs. 2004. DVD.

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Question 52

The News Corporation

This report pretends to answer the third question of this case study ” The News Corporation”. It will outline and evaluate the strategies pursued by Rupert Murdock during the period of the case study. It will also recommend a future strategy for The News Corporation. The News Corporation focuses on different strategies throughout the period of this case study. To make clearer this analyses, it will be helpful to divide the period in two stages: STAGE 1- 1980’s. This stage is print based. TNC diversifies in order to get into more attractive business and balance its portfolio.
The portfolio logic assumes a role of the centre. These, the portfolio logic and the role of the centre, make assumptions about the diversity of businesses within a corporate portfolio. This diversity of business has a certain degree of relatedness in some way, and this diversity of business should inform of the role of the centre. Therefore, the strategy that TNC follows is a Related Diversification, which is strategy development beyond current products and markets, but within the value system or industry in which the company operates.
TNC uses a vertical backward integration by the acquisition of the printing warehouses, books publishing transport, which are concerned with the inputs into the company’s current business. On the same way, it uses horizontal integration by the acquisition of other newspaper and magazine, in order words, activities that are competitive with, or complementary to, a company’s present activities. This stage is time based. Once TNC has diversified into the different businesses, has to find new advantages in order to improve and expand its existing businesses.

By improving its businesses, TNC gains competitive advantages. Gets stronger towards its competitors. The strategy that TNC follows in this second stage is globalisation with a place in all parts of the industry from newspaper to TV, from magazine to film. TNC’s markets are homogenised and consumer’s needs and preferences are more similar. Therefore, TNC has to diversify in order to gain competitive advantages. The growth market share is important for a business unit seeking to dominate a market because it may be easier to gain dominance when a market is in its growth state.
In a maturity stage, a market tends to be stable and therefore it is more difficult to gain share, so it will be necessary to invest in that business unit in order to gain market dominance. This strategy is quite risky unless this activity is financed by products earning higher profit. This leads to the idea of a balanced mix of business units. In this particular case, it has to be emphasised that there was an economic decline in each of TNC’s market, at the end of 80’s beginning of 90’s. This problem resulted in a gap in working capital financed by highly expensive short-term borrowings.
At the same time, banks worldwide experienced a liquidity crisis, which resulted in TNC facing difficulty in refinancing maturing bank debt and in meeting working capital requirements. Twentieth Century Fox had a poor year. Its profitability is not very promising but within the company is very important because it provides the content for the broadcasting channels. Therefore, according to the Boston Consultancy Matrix, it can be said that Twentieth Century Fox is the question mark, the newspaper and magazine are the cash cows providing with enough cash flow to finance both the Sky TV (Star), and the Twentieth Century Fox.
Therefore, to provide the balance of this business portfolio, TNC has question mark-Twentieth Century Fox, which provides broadcasting content- and cash cows- Newspapers and magazines, which provide profitability-, and without them TNC will had not been able to have a star-SKY TV. The corporate centre can add value points in terms of allocation of resources, increasing or decreasing investment or changing management in times of poor performance. The corporate centre should also be able to enhance potential between the businesses. For example, if one business is doing well, other business should be able to learn from it.

Question 53

Financially incorrect reporting

New York Times: SEC Accuses Former Sunbeam Official of Fraud. Albert J. Dunlap took over as the CEO at Sunbeam Corporation, which it was performing poorly. The corporation manufactured electric appliances ranging from electric blankets to blenders. He was to steer it back to profitability. He engaged in a vigorous restructuring program. He sent home a large number of workers and closed plants true to his nickname Chainsaw Al. The SEC took legal action against the CEO, his top executives and the external auditing partner on the ground that they engaged in financial statement fraud.
It was revealed that the purported improvement in the corporation’s performance was actually untrue. The top management had engaged in financial fraud to create an impression that that they had actually managed to turn around the corporation. Under the stewardship of Dunlap and his CFO, R Kersh, they applied various accounting tricks to achieve their objective. They created cookie jar reserves to increase the loss in 1996 when Dunlap was appointed and boost the profit in 1997 after he had initiated his restructuring program.
They also used aggressive sales techniques to boost sales such as channel stuffing and then recognized the revenue immaturely. They failed to disclose all the information required in the corporation’s financial statements and issued press statements supporting these statements. The stocks rallied to new highs as the corporation seemed to recover from its poor performance and investor interest grew. At its peak, the corporation bought three other companies in partly cash and partly stock deals. The fraud was finally detected when reports appeared in the media questioning the accuracy of the Sunbeam’s financial statements.

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The share price plummeted and an internal investigation carried out. Dunlap was fired two years after his appointment. The company then filed for bankruptcy under the new management. It was unable to recover from the damage inflicted by the fraud and the restructuring program. The fraud had a huge implication shareholder’s wealth. The company also restated the statements with significant differences noted between the two sets of statements. The SEC suit seeks a cease and desist order for Dunlap, Kersh and other top officials and the auditing partner, Phillip Harlow, in an attempt to stem rising number of fraud cases.
It had managed to enter in o a similar settlement with Sunbeam Corporation earlier Qualities: The quality of financing statements determines its usefulness in regards to decision making. It is the usefulness of such statements that makes gathering and processing of financial information included in a corporation’s statements worthwhile. The characteristics of such information that make it useful are set out in a framework known as the hierarchy of accounting qualities. The hierarchy firsts determines the capability of the users to digest such financial information.
It looks at the abilities of the users that would make such accounting information useful to them. Different users have different needs and financial information produced should serve the various uses of different user groups. Sunbeam financial statements that were financially incorrect were relied upon in decision making different users much to their detriment. Many potential investors bought shares in to the corporation in anticipation of the stock appreciating over time. They based the decisions on bloated results for the financial year 1997.
Similarly, results released for the company’s first half of 1998 fiscal year were doctored to reflect a growth in income and revenue. Others who relied on the false statements were the owners of the three companies that merged with Sunbeam in 1998 among them Perelman, the proprietor of Coleman, who exchanged his stocks for sunbeam’s shares and cash. The cash was raised through issuance of a bond and the lenders also relied on the false statements. Accounting qualities are grouped in to primary and secondary qualities. Also read Sunbeam corporation case study
Under primary qualities, relevance and reliability of financial information are crucial characteristics of financial data while making decisions. For information to be relevant it must be useful in decision making in that in its absence the user will make a different judgment. It makes a difference in conclusions due to its predictive value and it must also be well timed. If information is not present at the time decision-making it is thus irrelevant. Relevant information must also assist the user to verify the projections he had earlier made.
They highly misrepresented facts to achieve the set out targets. The investors used the false information in the statements to make predictions and also to later confirm their predictions. In buying into the company, they believed that the financial statement provided relevant information for their investing decisions on future value of their investments. They however were not due lack of full disclosure of some information. For financial information to be reliable, it must give a true picture of the entity’s financial position it is meant to represent.
Three features determine reliability of such information namely: verifiability, faithfulness and neutrality. Information is verifiable if different analyzers arrive at almost similar findings while using a single technique. Faithful information concurs with the true account of events. Neutrality of financial information on the other hand means that its preparation was devoid of any bias to achieve a predetermined outcome. The financial statements provided by sunbeam management violated the reliability criteria in that they did not give the true picture of financial position of the corporation.
A different accounting group would come up with more conservative results than were presented by the management. The management prepared the financial statements with forecasts and investors expectations in mind. Secondary qualities of comparability and consistency act to reinforce the primary qualities. Comparability means that the information can correctly aid the user in differentiating the financial performance of the entity across enterprises and over accounting periods. The reporting method must therefore be similar between the sets of statements being compared.

On the other hand, consistency requires that accounting principles be retained over accounting periods and if new ones are adopted, it must be for a widely acknowledge improvement which must be disclosed. The financial statements provided by the Sunbeam management did violated the comparability and consistency accounting qualities. The results were not comparable across enterprises and over time due to the inclusion of cookie jar reserves and undisclosed risk accompanying the recognized revenue.
The corporation was also not consistent in its application of accounting principles. The management introduction of such sales and profit boosting methods such as cookie jar reserves and channel stuffing was not consistent with the accounting procedures applied prior to that. Procedures had been changed to give an impression of reviving the corporation. The above qualities are subject to materiality in that they only apply where an item makes a significant difference to the user in decision-making. The inclusion of the item must also have greater benefits over cost.
The cost of providing the financial information must be worthy it. These two constraints cannot be determined in isolation of management motives. The Sunbeam management failed to fully disclose the nature of their sales and profits in their financial statements. It went on to recognize profit from provisional sales transactions where the corporation retained ownership and the customer could revoke the deal whenever he wished to. The external auditor noted the discrepancy but was brought around to the management way of thinking.
They labeled the transactions as immaterial but while looked at individually they could be immaterial. On the aggregate, the effect was that a third of the profit reported was incorrect. The transactions were therefore material and all information should have been provided. The cost of providing the information was over ridden by the benefits the users would derive from it. The financial statements released were materially false since the inflated figures did influence investors and lenders in their decision-making. They relied on inaccurate profit calculations.
Basic Principles. One of the basic principles of accounting is the full disclosure principle, which stipulates that financial statements must include any important information that a user would require to make a decision. Any information an investor or a lender needs in making his investing or lending decision must be available in the statements either within the financial statements, among the notes accompanying the statements or provided elsewhere in the report. The Sunbeam management violated this principle by withholding information on the nature of sales transactions.
The corporation should have made full disclosure of doubtful trade receivables. They should also have made relevant provisions for sales returns which were likely under the overly aggressive sales drives undertaken by the company. It also failed to disclose discounts. The right accounting practice would have been to recognize the revenue in later accounting periods when the management reasonably believed that the revenue could actually be collectible. They should have acted more conservatively in recognizing such revenue. Another principle is the revenue recognition principle.
Under accrual method of accounting, it stipulates that revenue be recognized when realized or is realizable and when earned regardless of when cash payments are made. Cash accounting basis stipulates that revenue be recognized when paid up. corporations must use the accrual basis accounting. Revenue is realized when the commodities are paid for or exchanged put under trade receivables. The revenues is realizable where a supplier gets assets that could be easily transformed into cash or trade receivables while it is earned when a supplier has delivered goods or performed a service that warrants payment.
The supplier must also believe convincingly that the buyer will meet his obligations. The Sunbeam management violated this principle by early recognition of contingency sales revenue. The management recognized profit from sales that the distributors had not assumed ownership or the accompanying risks. The goods were sold months before they would be demanded and had a high chance of being returned. The sales were also beyond the capacity of most of the customers. The management could reasonably project that the sales returns would be high but went ahead to recognize such revenue.
Thirdly, is the matching principle, which stipulates that expenses be charged when the corresponding revenue is recognized. Such expenses help generate revenue in one period and should not be charged in another accounting period. Sunbeam management did not change discounts allowed against the revenue they helped generate for the financial years 1997 and 1998. The management also charged the expenses incurred in the manager’s restructuring program in 1997, against revenue generated in 1996 which in effect increased the loss incurred in 1996 and boosted the profit reported in 1997.
Failure to match the expenses to the revenue created the false impression that the corporation had made a turnaround in performance. The elements and definitions The elements of a balance sheet include assets, liabilities, and equity and changes in owners’ investments while those of an income statement include revenue, income from other source, expenses and gains or losses. Under assets, the accounts receivables were bloated because some transactions included were not supposed to be under that account. The accounts receivables account includes credit sales with a realistic chance of being paid up.
The sunbeam management included under this account some contingent sales that clearly would be returned by the retailers in a bid to boost sales revenue recognized in 1997 and 1998. The Sunbeam management also understated the inventory item under assets. Inventories show amount of stock currently held by a corporation for trade purposes. The corporation held stock for retailers and distributors that was beyond their selling capacity and would be eventually returned. This stock was treated as sold yet it would eventually remain unsold and part of inventory. The management did this in a bid to boost the sales figure.
The Sunbeam management also created reserves that were unwarranted. The cookie jar reserves were understated earning in 1996. The management introduced them so that they would be used to boost the earnings in the subsequent accounting period. The reserves in effect would be used to give an impression of a huge turn around in the corporation’s performance. In the income statement prepared by the sunbeam management, the revenue item included sales revenue that was not realized or realizable. This revenue resulted from sales that would most likely fail to go through and the goods returned.
The dubious sales were conducted through channel stuffing, a technique that forces goods through the distribution channel beyond its capacity. The corporation achieved this by issuing huge discounts and guaranteeing distributors profit for holding goods in excess of retailers capacity. As for the expenses, those incurred in 1996 were greatly overstated as they included expenses incurred in 1997. Expenses that were incurred during the restructuring program conducted by the new management in 1997 were charged of in 1996. The effect of this was to boost income in 1997 while worsening the performance in 1996.
The Sunbeam management also failed to record trade discounts and guarantees offered to retailers and distributors as expenses completely ignoring them. The expense element was therefore understated in this respect. The effect was to give an impression of greater profitability of the corporation. Valuation terminology When Sunbeam Corporation acquired Coleman, First Alert and Mr. Coffee, the other management of these companies relied on financial data available on sunbeam to agree on the merger. Ronald Perelman, exchange his part of shares in Coleman for shares in Sunbeam just about the time Sunbeam started collapsing.
By studying the unqualified financial statements provided by the management, he expected the share price to rise further. His valuation of Sunbeam was based on false results and their sign stock price. When the stock appreciation burst, he lost a lot of funds. Finally when Sunbeam filed for bankruptcy, his investment was reduced to nothing. Reference: Norris, Floyd 2001. SEC accuses former sunbeam official of fraud. New York Times, May 16, 2001. Retrieved on 12/03/07 from http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9B0CE0DE123AF935A25756C0A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1

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Question 54

Informative Essay on Should Mobile Phones Be Allowed in Schools

Children should be allowed to use their mobile phones in class because they can serve as ‘learning aids’, a study claims today. Academics are calling on schools to rethink bans on phone handsets after trials suggested that functions such as calculators, stopwatches and email can be ‘educational’. However, the call is certain to infuriate many teachers and parents, who will be concerned that pupils will be unable to resist the temptation to put the devices to less productive uses, such as cyber-bullying or cheating in tests.
During a nine-month experiment involving classes aged 14 to 16, pupils either used their own mobiles in lessons or the new generation of ‘ smartphones’ which allow internet connection. They were used to create short films, set homework reminders, record a teacher reading a poem and time experiments with the phones’ stopwatches. The smartphones also allowed pupils to access revision websites, log into the school email system, or transfer electronic files between school and home.
The study by researchers at Nottingham University involved 331 pupils in schools in Cambridgeshire, West Berkshire and Nottingham. ‘At the start of the study, even pupils were often surprised at the thought that mobile phones could be used for learning,’ Dr Elizabeth Hartnell-Young will tell the annual conference of the British Educational Research Association in Edinburgh later today. ‘After their hands-on experience, almost all pupils said they had enjoyed the project and felt more motivated. One teacher told researchers that students like mobiles and they know how to use them. ‘Using this technology gives them more freedom to express themselves without needing to be constantly supervised,’ the teacher said. However, the report admits that some teachers think greater use of mobile phones in schools could prove problematic. Increased temptation to steal phones belonging to the school was one worry. ‘I thought, well, four of these smartphones…

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Question 55

On the Roles of Microfinance in Developing Countries

countries

Much of the underdeveloped world grows and produces agricultural products. Because many of these underdeveloped nations have very little political clout with the rest of the world, and because farmers in wealthy nations have lots of political power, the goods from these poorer nations are tariffed and quota’d right out of the richer nation’s markets. ” -Keith Brown, Free Trade & Foreign Policy: The Independent Institute, May 1, 2000 Introduction
The quote above provides a very nice generalization of exactly what we will discover in this chapter: the roles of microfinance in promoting economic growth, development, and sustainability. Microfinance can provide exactly what most of the underdeveloped world needs: capital to invest in themselves in order to reach themselves out of poverty, thus creating self sufficiency. However, as Mr. Brown stated, what microfinance has failed to do (albeit it was not designed to do) is make these poorer farmers globally competitive.
They cannot be competitive due to larger ountries’ inability to make the free market free for all nations, not Just those who control most of it. However, even without making major strides on the global market, microfinance has done most of exactly what it was designed to do. It has brought most of its participants out of a fruitless future, one full of deabilitating poverty. There are many statistics out on the books about microfinance’s effect on the poor of the world. Throughout the chapter, we will go into further detail on how these statistics reflect the exact influence of microfinance on the world, poor and middle class.

The statistics will reflect exactly what has been stated in past chapters: microfinance works. It isn’t the end-all, be-all solution to the world’s poverty, but it is a solid start to eradicate it. Another topic we will cover in detail is the paradox between economic growth and sustainability, and whether or not they are mutually exclusive. An article, brilliantly written by Dr. Karen Higgins of Claremont Graduate University in California suggests that “limitless economic growth counters sustainability’. If the economy grows too big, will we end up exhausting our resources, thus actually making the economy more hort lived?
Furthermore, we will go in depth on the effects of microfinance on the world, and more specifically, developed and developing nations. There is a plethora of information on what impact microfinance has on the world, mostly in the form of a poor farmer receiving a loan to buy supplies in order to make more product, so that the farmer’s family can actually live on as well as sell their stock. However, there are also stories in which an especially lucky person receives a loan, invests in a good product or business, and actually goes from abject poverty to middle class.
Such As you read, keep in mind that, as stated earlier, microfinance will not solve poverty and all its ills. Whether you are a passionate skeptic or supporter of it after reading this book, know that there are many more obstacles in the way of a poverty free world, those obstacles including political corruption, power inequalities on a global scale, climate change, war and conflict, disease, education, and availability of resources. By no means does microfinance seek to save the world.

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It does not mean to take the place of charity and giving, nor does it mean to take the place of hard work and perseverance. However, it does hope to make it easier for those who struggle amidst hard work, perseverance, and charity. It means to give every child a chance to live and be educated. In a world where nanotechnology and outer space travel are taken for granted, why does three quarters of the world still live on less than a dollar day? While we know that there are many answers to that question, we also know for a fact that microfinance can solve some of those problems.
What is Economic Growth, Development, and Sustainability? According to the Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy (CASSE), economic growth is defined as: “…. n increase in the production and consumption of goods and services. It entails increasing population and/or per capita consumption. It is indicated by increasing gross domestic product (GDP). ” It goes on to say that “economic growth literally refers to an economy that is getting bigger, not necessarily one that is getting better”. According to BusinessDictionary. om, economic development is defined as progress in the economy, or a qualitative measure relating to it. It usually refers to the adoption of new technologies, the transition of agriculture-based to industry-based economy, and a general improvement in living tandards Finally, according to Wise Geek, economic sustainability is “the term used to identify various strategies that make it possible to use available resources to their best advantage”. So what do those definitions mean when we apply microfinance to them?
Simply put, microfinance can be attributed to all three of these things. As has been proved since microfinance first stepped onto the economic scene, microfinance can cause economic growth in the simple fact that once a poor family receives a microloan, they can use it to invest in themselves or their children, thus making it possible for them o repay the loan, and in due time (in most cases) make a profit that will allow them to expand their propensity to consume. In terms of economic development, microfinance has also changed the face of businesses, small and large.
Poor farmers in the third world can receive a microloan, and go from having to perform backbreaking labor to purchasing a machine to help them do it. Finally, as for economic sustainability, microfinance can assure that stocks are not going to waste, and in the case of poor farmers, they can actually sell their crops, instead of having to eat them to stay alive. Economic Growth, Development, & Sustainability As much as we would all love a straight answer to the question that is poverty and scarce resources, we all are aware that such a big problem is rooted in more than one thing.
However, we all know that complex problems also have complex solutions. Microfinance is one thing that contributes to economic growth, but sometimes, its effect can be negated and bolstered by factors out of the control of those who run microfinance firms. Gender and Sex Inequalities Women in America are considered to be independent. Most women work, have their own property, and in some cases, even are the heads of their households. The same goes for most of the developed world. The problem here is that in developing nations, women are still, with little hope of the contrary, subjugated to men.
Women in developing nations have nowhere near the rights as their developed nation counterparts do. In most Middle Eastern countries, women are still expected to wear veils over their faces, in accordance with the Muslim religion. Furthermore, they are also expected not to work, but to bear children and take care of home. In short, most of the world still has a very traditionalist point of view. This being said, when a oman’s husband dies, or leaves her, what is she to do other than to starve? Her children come first, but she barely has enough to feed the eight of them that her husband gave her before his passing.
Microfinance has helped women gain more equality to their husbands and to men in general, but the fact of the matter that only when these restricting views are abolished will the chains of poverty start to come off. Once women are allowed to make their own money, they will be able to feed their children, saving the from malnutrition. They will be able to pay for their education, thus setting the children up to make something of themselves. Once women become independent, no longer will they not be able to live with a man by their side.
They will be able, all things considered, to sustain their standard of living without falling into the traps of poverty. Power Trip: Political Corruption This mainly pertains to Africa and it’s long, dark history of warring nations. Ever since time began, tribes have been fighting in Africa over land, resources, and money, which could all be considered the same thing. While the heads of these tribes and regimes are eating plentifully, their followers still live in abject poverty, and are food insecure. Also, they are dying at an alarming rate. Yes, that’s right.
In some African nations, men, women, and children are brutally murdered in the name of politics and power. The shameful part is that microfinance can’t stop a bullet. So how exactly do we counteract the chains of political corruption? A microloan may help a child get an education, but it means nothing if we cannot motivate them to do greater things. Just think about all of the potential Albert Einsteins, Barack Obamas, and Marie Curies out there, growing up in Africa. Now think about the fact that they were either too scared of the politics of government or killed too early to ven try and show off their potential.
A main stay of the microfinance movement as well as economic development is to need to make their living situation better. What purpose do American doctors serve coming to Africa if the children they are healing never get the chance to be great like them? What purpose does a microloan serve when it pays for a child’s education that will only end up dying at the age of 1 5 from a gunshot wound? These are the questions that skeptics of microfinance need to ask themselves. Without the proper learning environment, or the proper environment in general, a child cannot be uccessful by conventional means.
That goes double for a child whose parents never had an education either. A Deadly Detriment to Economic Growth: Disease Yes, a few dollars can get you that cough medicine that you need to get rid of that dastardly common cold. A few more dollars, and you can get the vaccine for the flu. A doctor’s visit is rarely too costly, but Just in case you’re running a really high fever, a call to your insurance company can get you to the nearest hospital, where you can get quality care by trained doctors that rarely have too many patients that they can’t attend to your needs. Such is the luxury of living in the developed world.
At least for the lucky ones. However, if you’re that special person who has to choose between your medicine or paying for college tuition, then this may mean something to you. A huge number of the Juvenile deaths in developing nations comes from disease, whether it be HIV, AIDS, malaria, malnutrition, birth defects, or even cancer. What’s worse is that in most of these developing nations, they dont have the luxury to pay for, not to mention the convenience of even being close to a research hospital. Consequently, we are presented with the same problem I mentioned before.
Children, full of potential and intelligence, dead before their time. Microfinance can only do so much, but it can cause a domino effect. Say you aren’t in reach of a hospital as a poor family in West Africa. You apply for a microloan, and invest in your children’s education as well as your farm. In time, your children go from becoming potential HIV infected children to being able to work on a cure for it. Of course, that’s an idealist’s situation, but also a completely possible one. The point here is that disease, although completely natural, is responsible for much of the turmoil we see in the developing world.
However, food inequality is a big part of this. Most people don’t realize how countries like the United States suffer from obesity and heart disease while countries like Indonesia suffer from malnourishment and starvation, which leads into the next detriment from economic growth, development, and sustainability. Nominal FMF: Free Market Freedom Ever since the introduction of the free enterprise system, especially on a global scale, the intelligent, innovative, and witty people of the world have amassed fortunes beyond the wildest dreams of even their middle class counterparts in the developed world.
They have had the opportunity to be themselves and create something that will ultimately better the world, and make a decent fortune at the same time, with certain government regulations, but not too many as to limit creativity. Such is the same in all the developed world. People have made fortunes from Steve Jobses, Bill Gateses, or Mark Zuckerbergs come from the developing world. The answer to that dilemma is quite simple, and it was the first thing you read. Most businesses in the developing world are agriculture based instead of industry based.
However, that is all that they have in terms of business. They grow food, and their economy depends on selling the food to prosper. The cruel irony is that they have been unceremoniously taken out of the free market economy to sell their goods to richer nations. Tariffs and quotas have done their Job well, making selling goods on the world market a process that makes pulling teeth look like the easiest thing in the world. The free market has been that way in name only. The reality is that only those who control most of the free market are actually free in it.
Just think if an African country like Sierra Leone traded frequently with the I-JK? Sierra Leoneans would have more money than they could spend on a regular basis. However, the I-JK has so many trade barriers set up that Sierra Loeneans cannot afford to trade with them, thus forcing them to trade locally, and limiting their earning potential. Why would the US and their allies do something like this? Most sources say security. Trading with African nations, especially in the midst of political turmoil could lead to another world war.
Also, African nations are not exactly household names. For example, you will usually buy a purse made of Italian leather instead of leather made in South Africa. The biggest motive is money, but what richer nations dont realize is that trading with African nations can actually alleviate some of the problems that they face. When you have an abundance of land and resources, you no longer have a need to fght, and conflicts can be solved diplomatically, more or less. Microfinance can’t sway the decision of a country that has been doing something a certain way for over a century.
But what it can do is provide a developing country with not only the money to be able to afford to trade, but the power to take control of their own lives, instead of being pushed back and forth into poverty based on the ecisions of a few, powerful nations. It All Starts Here: Education and Microfinance If you are reading this book, then you already know the value of a quality education. You know for a fact that without one, you can be stuck in a situation with no hope of getting out of it. Education, or better yet, and abundance of it, can only add to our economy.
Unfortunately, not everyone has access to the same quality education. Even in developed nations, we can see that certain nations have an edge over others, and thus the more educated you are, the better standard of living you can enjoy. Take America, for example. A high school diploma is much more education than you can get in a developing nation, but in America, the mean salary for a high school graduate only is 38% less than the mean salary for a college graduate, from a study done by the Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics.
Accordingly, based on a study done by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, there was an unemployment rate of 14. 4% among those with only a high school diploma. Among those with a college a degree, the unemployment rate was 7. 6%. The irony is that Sweden, and Japan in terms of education, and accordingly, we have a lower standard f living. The lower you go down the ladder, the worse the standard of living gets. Let’s take a country like Ethiopia.
Ethiopia is a third world country on the east coast of Africa, and it is needless to say that they are in need of a better educational system, but for the sake of proof, here are some facts. In the years 2007-2011, a study from UNICEF showed that 82. 5% of Ethiopian children who were of age attended primary school. In those same years, the same study showed only 16% of Ethiopian children of age attended secondary school. Translation: only 16% of Ethiopian children went past the sixth grade. The previous section was aimed at what we need to get rid of in order to promote economic growth, development, and sustainability.
Now we focus on what drives those things. Education is the only one worth noting, because the others are only possible when things like disease and political corruption and nominal freedom are no more. While it is not equal among nations, it is to be noted that educational competition sparked outer space travel, one of man’s greatest innovations, back when the United Stated and the former USSR were in competition. Maybe that same fire with education will spark a race to end poverty once and for all.

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Question 56

Vargas Family Case Study: Narrative

Read “Topic 7: Vargas Family Case Study.”
Identify one member of the Vargas family whose dominant story could use some rewriting. Read the workshop notes on Reauthoring Conversations.
Part 1: In 250-300 words, write a counseling note for the client’s file. In this note, describe any exceptions to the problem that you have identified and develop scaffolding questions to ask the client in your next session, one in their landscape of action and one in their landscape of identity.
Part 2: Put yourself in the client’s shoes and, as the client, write a reauthoring version of their story that is 500-750 words in length. It should incorporate the exceptions and responses to the scaffolding questions from Part 1. Use narrative language when applying this reauthoring technique.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Since the last session, you received a call from Elizabeth who stated her family was in crisis. She reported that her nephew Geoff, the 15-year-old stepson of Bob’s sister, Katie, had nearly overdosed. She said that the family had noticed some changes with Geoff since his father’s recent death, but attributed the poor mood and slipping grades to the normal effects of grief. Elizabeth said that Geoff had never used drugs, as far as anybody in the family knew, and that the overdose was “a total surprise.” Elizabeth reported that after learning of this, Bob’s mother, Linda, called the school counselor but complained to Katie that “she was not at all helpful,” and told Katie exactly how she should handle it. Katie spoke with the school counselor who told her that she was not allowed to speak with Linda due to matters of confidentiality. Elizabeth informed you that Katie had shared her frustration with the school counselor’s suggestions to help him “get his mind off the sadness,” and believed he needed more help. You learned that Bob’s father, Tim, was trying his best to help, and that Elizabeth felt his intrusion was making matters worse. Among other things, Tim had taken Geoff out of school on a week-long camping trip against Katie’s wishes. Elizabeth said that the involvement of Linda and Tim, despite their good intentions, had begun to cause widespread family strife and asked if you could possibly see the entire family.

Question 57

3 MONTH EXERCISE PLAN

You need to develop an exercise and healthy eating plan for yourself for the next 3 months. You must come up with 2 overall goals for the next 3 months and the stops to accomplishing these goals. Examples of goals can be

1. Exercise 3 days per week
2. Lose 10 pounds
3. Maintain the exercise program I am currently doing
4. Develop a strength training program
5. Eat no more than 2 meals out per week

Write a step by step plan of what you hope to accomplish and/or maintain over the next 3 months. You must include an exercise/activity program and healthy eating plan. The following online resources can assist you with completing this assignment. Once you determine what your 2 goals are, search the internet for information to assist you in accomplishing these goals. This plan must be in detail and at least 2 pages in length.
Starting an exercise program      http://www.mayoclinic.org/fitness/art-20048269
Fitness program design http://www.acefitness.org/blog/2837/program-design-for-the-average-client
Healthy eating plan         http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/lose_wt/calories.htm
Healthy meals   http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-meals/sls-20076445
Basics of strength training            http://exercise.about.com/cs/exerciseworkouts/a/weight101.htm

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Question 58

Objectives of system of control used by Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company is a firm in the motor parts and assembling industry. It has been incorporated more than 150 years back. The company s one of the pioneers to adopt the Just in Time system of stock controls. This system is still applicable by the company to date though with ne developments being incorporated into it to enhance the applicability. (Ford, 2009) Just in time stock control is a very unique system of stock control. It gets company into action if only it’s needed to. It works in a strategy aimed at reducing wastage of resources such as time and costs of holding stock.
The most significant point about this method is that no stocks, whether of raw materials of finished good are kept, hence minimized costs of holding stock, maintenance of warehouses, and depreciation of finished goods in display or warehouses. (Bragg S. M. , 2004) Objectives of adopting such a system as seen individually include optimizing each step of the manufacturing system. This is basically seen as a measure to get “the most from the least”. Discouraging of huge lag times and idle times is the way towards the achievement.
Ta every step of manufacturing, the equipment used, personnel and other resources, including time are utilized to their best. Reduction of flaws in products is another objective, deformation in products and their parts will be reduced if exactly what is wanted is prepared and appears as is described. Process of storage or warehousing of finished products normally increases the chances of flaws being experienced. This is also the case when the raw materials are acquired and stored before their usage. Ford also was trying to lower the manufacturing cost through adoption of JIT method.

The achievement of this is through the reduction of employees. When there is no job to be worked on, lower costs incurred on shipment of raw materials which might not be necessary, the need to restructure some already finished parts to meet the consumers’ requirement and he need to maintain the only needed equipment by disposing the un-utilized ones. (Crowson, 2005) The other objective of Ford is to make the product demanded by customers. This has some advantages in that the product that has to be mad already has its demand placed and therefore no money will be lost through displays and may be promotion of the same.
The product also will be made in accordance to what the customer needs, hence chances of restructuring of the product to suit the market are very low if not non-existent Incorporation of flexibility in the system was also an objective targeted by the Ford Co. JIT system is highly known to be open for modification especially technologically as opposed to other systems. Ford has over the years found it easier to upgrade technological development as opposed to before. Building a strong and reliable relationship between the customers and the suppliers is another objective facing the Ford.
Just in Time system is never a one man affair, and this calls for a big proportion of reliance being placed at the input level of the system- which is the suppliers, and the end level of the process which represents the consumer. Bridging of that gap between the suppliers and the consumer had been the company’s objective too. v. Extent of Achievement of the Objectives by the company Ford Corporation, despite the challenges, may be seen to have achieved the objectives it targeted over the JIT application.
Towards the achievement of optimizing each steps of manufacturing process, Ford has reported positive results. Thy have reported that the manufacturing capacities of each process are utilized up to a high of 82% annually, unlike the previous capacities which translated to only 41% utilization leaving the 59% difference to waste. Ford has also realized an increase in contribution per asset utilized. This is explained by the ability of the firm to invest in only the assets they need, and subsequent utility of the assets as profitably as has been witnessed.
(psabilla, 2007) Since the adoption of JIT system, and with later developments and improvements in the system, the company has been able to make up to 100% flaw-free motor vehicles. The defects have also been at e very negligible level. Their market survey and customer feedbacks reports have been very positive on the achievement of the objective to reduce the flaws in the products. The manufacturing costs too have been highly minimized due to elimination of spending unnecessarily on activities such as warehousing and bulk shipment of uncalled for raw materials.
From inception of JIT system, the firm has been encouraging their customers, which include big multinationals, governments, and individuals, to make an order of their products well in advance, and include some of the specification variables such as seat specification (e. g. leather or fabric), both material, color, EFI system etc. They have so far witnessed positive response and have instead strengthened their research and development department, rather than that of advertising for goods already in go downs.
This has as well helped them successfully bridge the gap between supplier and consumers, by ensuring that time between the ordering of raw materials from the supplier to the time of dispatching the order to the consumer, is well utilized and well coordinated to ensure consistency. Application of IT in the JIT system has been enhanced by the firm. This is because inception of information technology in materials management process is crucial to effectiveness of JIT production and delivery system, and supply chain management.
Ford has installed the Electronic Data Interchange system and has then interfaced to combat with the JIT system to ensure smooth run in acquisition of raw parts, actual production and the delivery of the finished products. Suggestions to improve the system JIT system is highly dependent on supplier efficiency and correspondence. The supplier is where the actual process starts after the order is placed. This is to mean that any delay or frustration of supplier’s efforts will be highly effective negatively to the firm.
This was witnessed in1996 where the firm was forced to close down about six of its production plants due to lack of proper supplies coordination. This cost the company millions of dollars in profits lost due to the running costs of running some of the activities of the closed down production plants and yet they were unproductive at the moment. To curb this issue the firm might be forced to be in very close liaison with very reliable suppliers. This might call for necessity to have control over such suppliers to strengthen the possibility of placing due reliance to them, as and when an order needs to be worked on.
It also requires a very highly well assembled procurement division. The division should be proactive, up to date and highly linked to hasten the requisition procedure. Another suggestion which could improve the performance of the system is the merger of orders strategy. His is whereby the orders are cumulated and worked on within some predetermined time length. For instance, the company can design its timetable such that orders received and accepted are worked on within a period of say two months. This will apply for those orders which have a similar process of manufacturing.

Such a system will help to reduce some stock related costs in that if several products will be manufactured, starting from a similar time, requisition of their raw parts will be in bulk hence such privileges as quantity discounts may be enjoyed which ends up reducing the ordering costs. His will also further facilitate the utilization of resources such as staff and equipment, which in most cases are hired on short term contractual basis. This will make the control system enjoy such provisions as those ones in the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) system which considers buying in bulk to gain discounts.
(Lucey, 2002) The dispatch of the final product should also be made to appear as cheaper and shorter s is possible. Mot of the consignments are distributed through the sea, a means which is slower an hence consumes money which is expensive in that the cost met by the company such as insurance in transit and on-board maintenance will increase as time goes by. Comparatively, it might be cheaper to airlift much finished products to their destinations. This ends up saving even up to 10% of the whole process cost incurred to the point of customers’ hands. References; Bragg, S.
M. (2004). Just in Time Accounting-how to decrease costs and increase efficiency. River Street: John Wiley and Sons. Bragg, S. M. (2006). The Ultimate Accountants’ Reference. In S. M. Bragg, The Ultimate Accountants’ Reference (pp. 4-13). River Street: John Wiley and Sons. Charles T. Horngren, S. M. (2002). Cost Accounting Ed. 11. In S. M. Charles T. Horngren, Cost Accounting Ed. 11 (p. 63). London: Prentice Hall. Crowson, R. (2005). Factory Operations- planning and instructional methods. In R. Crowson, Factory Operations (pp. 231-240). London: CRC Press. Drury, C. (2007).
Management and Cost Accounting Ed. 7. In C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting Ed. 7 (p. 58). New York: CengageLearning EMEA. Drury, C. (2004). Management and Cost Accounting, Ed. 6. In C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, Ed. 6 (pp. 40-59). New York: Cengage Learning EMEA. Emblemsvag, J. (2003). Life Cycle Costing. In J. Emblemsvag, Life Cycle Costing (pp. 95-99). River Street: John Wiley and Sons. Ernst and Young, M. R. (1992). The Ernst and Young guide to total cost management. In M. R. Ernst and Young, The Ernst and Young guide to total cost management (pp.
223-241). River Street: ohn Wiley and Sons. Ford. (2009, April 14th). company information. Retrieved May 2nd, 2009, from Ford Corporation Website: http://www. ford. com/about-ford/company-information Hicks, D. T. (2002). Activity Based Costing-ed. 2. In D. T. Hicks, ctivity Based Costing-ed. 2 (pp. 3-5). River Street: John Wiley an Sons. Lucey, T. (2002). Quantitative Techniques Ed. 6. In T. Lucey, Quantitative Techniques Ed. 6 (pp. 232-260). London: Bookpower. Pizzey, A. (1989). Cost and Management Accounting-An introducion for students,Ed. 3. In A.
Pizzey, Cost and Management Accounting-An introducion for students,Ed. 3 (p. 126). SAGE: New York. psabilla. (2007, March 23). Ford’s Contribution to Just-In-Time. Retrieved May 2nd, 2009, from Shmula: http://www. shmula. com/371/fords-contribution-to-just-in-time W. N. Funnel, R. W. (1996). Butterworths Acconuting Companions-process costing. In R. W. W. N. Funnel, Butterworths Acconuting Companions-process costing (p. 82). London: LEXIS Publishing. Yu-Lee, R. T. (2001). Explicit Cost Dynamics. In R. T. Yu-Lee, Explicit Cost Dynamics (pp. 2-4). River Street: John Wiley and Sons.

Question 59

Wk3 db Brilliant Answers

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Considering Genesis Energy’s aggressive growth plan, Sensible Essential Consulting suggested that its client should broaden the scope of financing beyond short-term loans and consider long-term financing options. These options would greatly enhance the ability of the operations management team to fund the capital investments and growth in operating expenses.

One option is selling more equity in the company. A public stock offering might be a possibility; however, a company as young and small as Genesis Energy might be hard to value. Sensible Essential Consulting believes that another private investor might require preferred stock dividends in order to mitigate some of the financial risk. Another option is a long-term bank loan.

Acting as the finance expert for Sensible Essential Consulting, respond to the following:

Determine the cost of debt and equity for Genesis Energy and its weighted average cost of capital. Go to www.yahoofinance.com and look under SEC filings. Use a US publicly traded company, such as Apple, Google, DuPont, etc.
Identify the sources of long-term financing for Genesis Energy.
Analyze the potential costs and benefits of each option.
Explain how relative risk (from the investor’s perspective) impacts the cost of capital for Genesis Energy.
Determine the cost of debt and equity for Genesis Energy and its weighted average cost of capital.
Calculate the required rate of return for Genesis Energy using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). What is the required return for Genesis Energy shareholders?

By the due date assigned, post your response to the Discussion Area. Through the end of the module, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
Write your initial response in 300–500 words.

Question 60

Education Sector In Pakistan

The undermentioned subdivision provides an overview of the instruction sector in Pakistan and the development of this sector in context to the growing of the national economic system. Furthermore, this subdivision besides discusses the cardinal issues and jobs confronting the instruction sector with possible growing chances and chief aims of the paper that we seek to accomplish in this paper following the thesis.
1.1 An Overview of Educational Profile, Educational inputs and Educational accomplishments in Pakistan.
Harmonizing to Tariq Rehman organize the National Institute of Pakistan Studies of the Quaid-e-Azam University, a thorough reappraisal of the system of formal instruction by the experts from the World Bank and other research institutes rendered the colleges here in Pakistan “ substandard, bureaucratic, hapless and inefficient ” . A unfavorable judgment every bit rough as this may raise excessively much wonder as to how so many alumnuss of Pakistan, including Engineers, Doctors etc, with merely a small extra preparation, were able to travel abroad and postulate in the field with those who have had received instruction from relatively advanced institutes. However, it holds rather a burden of truth in it ( Net Industries, 2011 ) .

Until the 1990s, a really limited sum of resources were allocated towards the instruction sector in comparative footings. merely 1.1 % of the Gross National Product was constituted the public instruction outgo which increased to 3.4 % by 1990. This addition in the financess allotment appeared rather unfavourable as compared to the defence budget in 1993, which was 33.9 % of the GNP.
Throughout the history of Pakistan, at least until the 1990s, comparatively limited resources were allocated to instruction. In 1960, the public outgo on instruction was merely 1.1 per centum of GNP ; by 1990, the figure had risen to 3.4 per centum, though it compared rather unfavourably with outgos on defence, which stood at 33.9 per centum of GNP in 1993 ( Net Industries, 2011 ) .
The instruction system in Pakistan is included among the most backward systems in Asia, empowered by the customary feudal and madarassa system. In 2004 the literacy rate was 52 % with male literacy much higher than that of female ( 64 % Vs 39 % ) . With the predominating unfairnesss in instruction with regionally and with regard to gender, the nucleus issue appears to be the relatively high budgets for higher instruction degree than for primary and secondary degrees.

The authorities has nevertheless, become cognizant of this state of affairs in the recent old ages and has put in an attempt to take on this job that is confronting the instruction system with respects to the defects in the budget allotment towards the basic degrees of instruction ( EIU, 2005 ) .
There are, in Pakistan, about 40 million kids that in the age bracket of 5 to 15 old ages, which is the conventional school traveling age. At Primary level the gross registration rate is 89 % and the dropout rate is 50 % . This implies that that the 18 million kids dropped out of primary degree, of the 36 million kids that are really enrolled. the extra 4 million kids that are deprived of entree to schools do up about 22 million kids of the entire 40 million who should be go toing the school. nevertheless, the instruction system in Pakistan is, unluckily, excessively lacking to provide to the demands of these disadvantages groups ( CEF, 2005 ) .
1.2 Structure, Performance and Growth of the Primary Education Sector in Pakistan.
The duty of instruction sector lies with the provincial authoritiess. However, this function has been fulfilled throughout the old ages since the origin of Pakistan by the federal authorities, taking through reforms and policies for instruction on national degree and carry oning the necessary research for betterment in this field. Higher instruction degrees like universities, centres for research and excellence have been chiefly drawing resource financess from the federal authorities through a committee known as University Grant Commission. Furthermore all the educational establishments located in the federal district are run by federal disposal.
The Ministry of instruction is the caput, under which the federal ministry of instruction operates, and is assisted by the instruction secretary, a senior bureaucratism member. Education secretary appoints instruction curates that administer the provincial instruction sections in charge of the separate divisions of instruction catering to the demands of different degrees of instruction. The states are farther divided into territories and parts with separate governments divided between primary and secondary degree, with primary degree being administered by the territory caput while the secondary degree being administered by the part caput. The Colleges are on the other manus governed by educational board of directors at provincial degree ( Net Industries, 2011 ) .
Harmonizing to a study on the National instruction Policy published in 2009, the part of the private sector towards instruction makes up about a 0.5 % of the GDP, which round up to be about 1/6th of the fiscal resources ( OECD, 2007 ) .

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The construction of Primary, secondary, Higher-Secondary schools, Inter Colleges and universities is dominated by the populace sector accounting for about 64 % of the enrolment rates while the private sector merely contributed a portion of 36 % overall. However, the function of private sector has expanded over the old ages despite the lack reflected in the hapless comparative growing of this sector ( MOE, 2009 ) .The instruction system in Pakistan has been adulterated by series of issues that can be attributed to the educational dualism, connoting the English-Urdu, public-private and urban-rural derived functions.
This leads to educational unfairness that provides merely a cabal of pupils with choice instruction while bulk suffers from deficient instruction. These issues are faced at local, territory and national degree and are capable to political and federal concerns. Furthermore betterment in this respect is farther hindered by the corruptness and nepotism, including instructors with doubtful certificates make fulling in at responsible stations through illegal agencies while polluting the whole system. The deficiency of basic installations at schools at local and territory degree adds to the already deteriorating criterions of the instruction system in Pakistan whereas jobs associating to resource allotment and airing of financess have plagues the system at national degree ( CEF, 2005 ) .
1.3 Millennium Development Goals: Targets and Accomplishments in Pakistan.
For Sustainable Development of Human Resource, the UN member provinces came up with a design of planetary partnership that was adopted in 2000 consisting 8 development ends ( Millennium Development Goals ) . The chief ends of this partnership were to eliminate poorness and hungriness, Attain Universal Primary degree Education, Encourage Gender equity and authorising adult females, better wellness status and guarantee a sustainable environment. the effect of inordinate arguments brought about a model of 18 marks and 48 indexs to be incorporated in the examination of each end ‘s advancement ( Government of Pakistan, 2005 ) .
Pakistan adopted 16 marks and 37 indexs to detect the development of the Millennium Development Goals maintaining under consideration the company specific restrictions and resource handiness. Among these ends, one seeks to achieve cosmopolitan primary instruction guaranting betterment in the net registration rate, primary completion rate and literacy rate all over Pakistan without gender favoritism by the twelvemonth 2015. The MDGs besides reach out to authorise adult females and extinguishing gender disparity to all degree of instruction by 2015, which is mensurable by the Gender Parity Index ( Government of Pakistan, 2005 )
The Net Registration Rate in 2002 was 42 % as opposed to 46 % in 1991, bespeaking a diminution by 4 % in that decennary. This diminution was largely contributed by the turning tendency in population and poorness while the investing in decrease sector by the authorities remained low. Harmonizing to PSLM study ( Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey ) in 2004-05, the net registration rate indicated an betterment demoing a figure of 52 % for the study twelvemonth. A important betterment in this respect was recorded during the past four old ages. The lending factors in this respect included the demand and supply of educational reforms and other targeted plans, which induced an addition in the authorities budget for the instruction sector while heightening the engagement rate by the private sector at the same time ( Government of Pakistan, 2005 ) .
1.4 Educational Dualism in Pakistan: A Rural-Urban Divide and Differentials in Investment in Education.
For the deficiency of unjust distribution of resources between rural and urban countries, the public presentation and end product generated from both the countries seem to portray the fact obviously through severally induced impacts and the spread. The drawbacks of rural countries start striking out more from secondary degree and worsen with progressive degrees.
Surprisingly plenty, for 2005-06 the Gross Enrollment Ratio degree at early childhood instruction degree for rural countries was in fact higher than degree that persisted in urban countries i.e. 93 % in rural countries as compared to 88 % in urban countries. At the primary degree GER in rural countries still exceed the GER degree in Urban countries but the spread was much narrower i.e. 85 % in rural countries as compared to 84 % in Urban countries. From secondary degree and onwards, for 2005-06, the statistics seem to demo the disadvantage being inclined towards the rural side with urban countries holding a GER at 48 % while it GER for rural countries dropped to 22 % and this per centum spread between the two countries has seemingly widened from 20 points in 2001-02 to 26 point 2005-06 ( MOE, 2009 ) .

Even more surprisingly, an anomalousness besides exists in the consequences of some steps of efficiency provided by the rural statistics, for illustration, repeat rates for Grade 1 in rural countries ( 3.1 % ) as compared to that in urban country ( 2.25 % ) . And this comparing holds its stance throughout the other classs at primary degree. For class 5, the repeat rate for rural countries was 2.9 % against 2.0 % in urban countries. However, the reign of surpassing the urban country is really limited in the favour of rural countries. The survival rate in urban countries is 94 % while it is merely at a 67 % in the rural scenes ( MOE, 2009 ) .
Similarly in footings of investing in instruction or input the statistics show the same favourable result boulder clay primary degree for rural countries but more slope of end product as we proceed on to upper degrees of instruction. The Pupil Teacher Ratio for rural countries is favourable holding 39 students per instructor as compared to the urban countries where ratio persists to 49 students per instructor. However, from secondary degree and onwards, the destinies of the rural-urban public presentation contrary as the result shows a preferred slope towards urban countries holding 12 students per instructor as compared to 18 students per instructor in rural countries ( MOE, 2009 ) .
Furthermore, the installations provided in the rural countries are scarce and deficient piece at the disbursal of rural schools, 90 % of urban schools tend to profit from H2O installations while merely 63 % or rural schools enjoy the installation and most of them suffer from hapless installations. sanitation installation provides the rural schools with a similar disadvantage. Where 88 % of urban schools are provided with proper sanitation installation, merely 56 % of the rural schools have this installation at their disposal ( MOE, 2009 ) .
1.5 A Review of Educational Policies and Educational Reforms in Pakistan ; Issues, Concerns and Areas of Potential Improvement.
Since the origin of the state in 1947, the instruction policies have been coming in series and have been incorporated as that in the National Education Policy 2009. The reappraisal procedure initiated in 2005 for the National Education Policies runing from 1998 to 2010 and the first bill of exchange or papers, which is known as the ‘White Paper ‘ was finalized in March of 2007.
The procedure of reexamining the policies in 2005 before the presently bing model ( 1998-2010 ) was started as a consequence of an induced inspiration to the Ministry of Education from two sensible factors.
The first chief ground was that the usher to policy model was rather unsatisfactory, owing to the failure in accomplishment of the coveted educational consequences that were the intended ends of the policy. Performance of instruction sector lacked in the assorted cardinal factors, particularly the entree rates, educational chance equities and in overall quality steps.
The 2nd ground that stood out was that new challenges on planetary degree like the Millennium Development Goals and Dakar Education for All ( EFA ) have gathered huge mass in the past old ages and such aggressive demands need to be met with considerable step that need to be taken. Furthermore, globalisation and the attempt of states to accomplish a degree of an educated society or as they call it the “ Knowledge Society ” has stimulated the thirst for accomplishing better instruction criterions. Besides the planetary force per unit area that is necessarily faced, the desirable ends of accomplishing economic development and demographic passages on a domestic graduated table have rendered it mandatory to reexamine the policies for the interest of growing in educational quality ( MOE, 2009 ) .
The basic intent of these policies is to map out a scheme at national degree for educational development counsel in Pakistan and many of the policy actions that have been sketched out in the have already been put into drama in earlier reforms. These include development prospectus, policy for text edition stuff, losing installations ‘ proviso and other policies implemented on provincial and regional footing. The policy takes these inductions into considerations and structures them in its recommendations ( MOE, 2009 ) .
The effectivity of instruction system is greatly affected by the political societal and authorities substructure. To the extent that these factors impact the instruction sector, educational policies can non be formed without taking these factors into consideration. The instruction system is rather brooding of the societal norms and beliefs and militias upon itself rather an impact of these determiners ( MOE, 2009 ) .
All the contents of thesis until now may connote that Pakistan has shown advancement on many indexs mensurating the educational efficiency or result, nevertheless, the instruction system in Pakistan besides suffers from two major defects bespeaking an deficient entree to educational gaps and low quality of instruction that is provided. This depresses the criterions of instruction non merely on a local graduated table of comparing between the end product and the national ends but besides on an international degree to a greater extent excessively. The two chief causes responsible for such a loose public presentation of the instruction sector are: ( I ) Commitment spread and ( two ) Implementation spread. the former implies deficiency of committedness towards the educational ends taking to the latter that has frustrated the execution and practicality of policies ( MOE, 2009 ) .
Coping with the underlying jobs faced by the educational sector, a demand for an simple alteration in the idea procedure is in line that may impact the educational policies in a coveted manner. This demand of alteration in the though procedure is reflected in the Planning Commission ‘s study ‘Vision 2030 ‘ which negotiations about some major inventions and alterations in the current system of instruction. This practical swing, nevertheless, calls for the demand, which takes into consideration, the public assistance of the pupils and the scholars alternatively of those who plan and implement the policies.
Handily plenty, the policy addresses this issue in the signifier of demand for suggestions and action plans the will cover with issues sing the vision, precedences and administration of the sector while besides covering with the jobs faced by single subsectors in an mixture with early childhood instruction at one terminal and grownup acquisition at the other ( MOE, 2009 ) .
1.6 Keywords and Definitions.
Completion/Survival Rate to Rate 5
Dakar Education for All
Dropout Rate
Educational Dualism
Empowering Womans
Gender Disparity
Gender Equality
Gender Parity Index
Gross Enrollment Ratio
Gross National Product
Human Development
Literacy Rate
Millennium Development Goals
Ministry of Education
National Education Policy
Net primary registration ratio
Public Education Outgo
Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey
Primary Education
Secondary Education
Universal Primary Education

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Vision 2030
1.7 Study Objectives.
Chapter 2: Literature Reappraisal
2.1 An Overview of Educational Profile in Developed and Developing Countries.
Education is the driving force of alteration in the universe. Education ( which is non ever the same as schooling ) brings authorization. Without instruction, people can be capable to maltreatments by the most powerful. For illustration, illiterate provincials can be driven off their land by those who have entree to legal instruments which they can non act upon. A adult female, who does non hold entree to other points of position, may ne’er come to oppugn the arbitrary authorization her hubby has over her. Without instruction, people may be constrained to happen humble occupations that do non carry through them and others will look down on those who perform these occupations. Without instruction, those who are marginalized or oppressed may non hold the resources to denounce the unfairnesss they suffer from and to claim their rights. ( IDRC, 2009 )
There is an extended empirical literature on returns to education that focuses both on developed and developing states ( Jaffry, Ghulam, & A ; Shah, 2007 ) . Available literatures in developing states compare the returns to academic instruction and vocational instruction ( Nasir & A ; Nazil, 2000 ) , or seek to place the impact of finishing a given schooling rhythm on net incomes ( Appleton, 2001 ) .
2.1.1 Educational Spending and Educational Infra-Structure.
2.1.2 Educational Inputs and Dualistic Education.
The rural-urban divide has been a major country of survey in development economic sciences,
concentrating on rural-urban divisions within states, peculiarly with regard to
industrialisation ( Kuznets, 1955 ) . In more recent times, surveies on rural-urban
issues have focused on economic geographics, and its links to migration, urbanisation, trade
and economic growing. While legion surveies have considered the rural-urban educational divide within a individual state, there has been limited research on this issue across states ( Ulubasoglua & A ; Cardak, 2006 )
We find that states with greater resources and those with more effectual channels to apportion these resources have lower RUEI. Such distributional channels seem to be influenced by institutional model such as the legal system within a state, colonial history, and political stableness every bit good as geographical features such as being landlocked and/or a larger state. Specifically, states with legal systems of Gallic beginning ( Gallic legal system ) , on norm, have higher RUEI, while the contrary is true for states with legal systems of British beginning ( British legal system ) . Besides, states with colonial yesteryears in general, and the states with post-war independency in peculiar have higher RUEI. This may be related to the extractive instead than colony nature of settlements deriving independency in the post-war period. In add-on, states with less stable political environments, that are landlocked and those with larger surface countries have higher RUEI, proposing that such factors negatively influence effectual allotment of resources between R & A ; U countries, other things being equal. We besides find that RUEI is lower in economic systems with larger formal labour markets and better substructure, while riskier human capital investing and more limited recognition handiness are associated with greater RUEI.
The cardinal point is that instruction degrees are determined by the tradeoff between resource usage in the family and formal markets. This is affected non merely by economic development within a state but by differences in development and chances between R & A ; U countries and the manner that nation-wide factors influence both R & A ; U households.9 The undermentioned theoretical statements underpin our empirical analysis of cross-country differences in the ratio and the degrees of R & A ; U schooling old ages ( Ulubasoglua & A ; Cardak, 2006 ) .
2.1.3 Educational Outcomes and Achievements.
2.2 Indexs of Assessing Educational Quality and Outcomes.
Educational Outcome indexs progressively are being used to measure the efficaciousness of American instruction. The growing of indexs of this type has been motivated in big portion by a turning demand to keep schools accountable for their public presentation, defined in footings of results, such as standardised trial tonss, instead than inputs, such as instructor makings, category size, and the figure of books in school libraries. Unfortunately, most schools and territories have non developed and implemented public presentation indexs that are wholly suited for this intent. As a consequence, many pedagogues and bookmans fear that these indicator/accountability systems could badly falsify the behaviour of pedagogues and pupils and therefore be worse than holding no indexs at all. It is hence really of import to see the standards that define an acceptable, valid public presentation index system ( Meyer, 1997 ) .
Strengthening the quality of instruction has become a planetary docket at all educational degrees and more so at the primary degree. The quality of basic instruction is of import non merely for fixing persons for the subsequent educational degrees but to fit them with the necessity basic life accomplishments. Quality instruction besides ensures increased entree and equality and it is chiefly due to these grounds that assorted international Forums and Declarations have pledged betterments in quality of instruction. National committedness towards quality instruction has become significantly seeable since the late 1880ss. From so onwards, the authorities has experimented a figure of enterprises and intercessions for bettering quality with national and foreign support ( Mirza, 2003 ) .
Despite the turning concern about the quality of instruction, its crystallised definition is slightly hard ( Aspin & A ; Chapman, 1994 ) , mostly due to a broad array of stakeholders and consumers along with the complexnesss of teaching-learning procedure which need to be unfolded continuously. Footings like effectivity, efficiency, equity, equality and quality are frequently used interchangeably ( Adams, 1993 ) . Most of the people view quality of instruction as the larning results of pupils which is the primary concern of all stakeholders. But to accomplish the coveted quality the ancestors, that is the input and procedure should besides hold quality in footings of efficiency, effectivity, excellence, and societal justness. The quality instruction end product can be achieved merely if quality is ensured at each degree of the educational procedure from standard scene, larning environment, teacher preparation, teacher-learning procedure, appraisal and monitoring ( Meyer, 1997 ) .
The Dakar Framework of Action 2000 defined quality of instruction in footings of recognized and mensurable larning results particularly in literacy, numeracy and indispensable life accomplishments. Article 42 of the Expanded Commentary on the Dakar Framework of Action farther elaborates that ‘a quality instruction is one that satisfies basic larning demands, and enriches the lives of scholars and their overall experience of life ( UNESCO, 2000 ) .
The steps to achieve the needed quality were suggested as under:
1. Healthy, good nourished and motivated pupils.
2. Adequate installations and learning stuffs.
3. A relevant course of study.
4. Environment that encourages larning.
5. Clear definition of larning results.
6. Accurate appraisal of larning results.
7. Participatory administration and direction.
8. Prosecuting local communities.
The Recife Declaration of the E-9 undertaking reaffirmed about all the above
declared ends of instruction. It has besides mentioned the usage of modern engineering in
all facets of instruction ( Meyer, 1997 ) .
2.3 Educational Policies, Centralization and Decentralization.
Several factors that spur instruction reform derive from the region-wide displacement to open economic systems and planetary competition. Two of these factors are particularly of import. The first is the turning centrality of cognition as a production factor. The 2nd is the increasing planetary character of information, communicating, and economic activity. Both these factors are aggressively increasing the demand for instruction. They are set uping a new and compelling economic statement for educational reform. They are besides doing powerful histrions outside educational systems – politicians, concern leaders, development-assistance establishments ( DAIs ) , and civil society more by and large – to press for better schools and a better quality of instruction ( Puryear, 1999 ) .
Pakistan took a sweeping attack to decentalisation. It introduced an ambitious program to devolve political and financial cardinal powers to new local authoritiess. A degeneration program was launched by the National Reconstruction Bureau, and during the short period of clip ( 18-month from March 2000 to August 2002 ) , the state created three degrees of new local authoritiess -districts, Tehsils ( urban and rural municipal disposals including metropolis towns ) , and Union Councils. Provincial finance committees have been established in all four states to plan their ain transportation system. While there has been progress in devolving political powers, financial and administrative decentalisation are still dawdling behind.
– The financial transportation system from cardinal authorities to local authoritiess needs to be improved ;
– Support for the local authoritiess needs to be strengthened ;
– The designs of the provincial transportation system need farther betterments peculiarly to guarantee equalisation ; and
– Decision-making powers need to be transferred to local authoritiess.
– In December 2008, the Prime Minister constituted a commission to revisit the Local Government Ordinance, 2001, in order to take failings and better the Local Government System.
( World Bank, 2011 )
2.4 Human Resource Development Policies and Changing Educational Policies.
2.5 Regulatory Framework an Educational Reforms in Developing States.
2.6 Millennium Development Goals on Education: Target Setting, Compliance and Performance Gaps.
2.7 Opportunity Wage, Child Labor and Educational Outcomes.
Early child care and pre-school policies have become an of import focal point of the authorities ‘s scheme for bettering the wellbeing of kids, either through the enabling consequence that child care has by leting parents to work or through other more direct effects of early instruction on kids. The purpose of this paper is to cast visible radiation on the inquiry of how effectual early pre-school and schooling are at bettering the wellbeing of kids, and whether any impacts are likely to be durable. In accomplishing this purpose, we add to a good established literature both from the UK and from around the universe ( Goodman & A ; Sianesi, 2005 ) .
An estimated 158 million kids aged 5-14 are engaged in child labour – 1 in six kids in the universe. Millions of kids are engaged in risky state of affairss or conditions, such as working in mines, working with chemicals and pesticides in agribusiness or working with unsafe machinery. They are everyplace but unseeable, laboring as domestic retainers in places, laboring behind the walls of workshops, hidden from position in plantations.
In Sub-Saharan Africa around one in three kids are engaged in child labor, stand foring 69 million kids.
In South Asia, another 44 million are engaged in child labor.
The latest national estimations for this index are reported in Table 9 ( Child Protection ) of UNICEF ‘s one-year publication The State of the World ‘s Children.
Children life in the poorest families and in rural countries are most likely to be engaged in child labor. Those burdened with family jobs are overpoweringly misss. Millions of misss who work as domestic retainers are particularly vulnerable to development and maltreatment. Labour frequently interferes with kids ‘s instruction. Guaranting that all kids go to school and that their instruction is of good quality are keys topreventing child labor ( UNICEF, 2011 ) .
In Pakistan kids aged 5-14 are above 40 million.During the last twelvemonth, the Federal Bureau of Statistics released the consequences of its study funded by ILO ‘s IPEC ( International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour ) . The findings were that 3.8 million kids age group of 5-14 old ages are working in Pakistan out of entire 40 million kids in this age group ; 50 per centum of these economically active kids are in age group of 5 to 9 old ages. Even out of these 3.8 million economically active kids, 2.7 million were claimed to be working in the agribusiness sector. Two million and four hundred 1000 ( 73 % ) of them were said to be male childs.
During the twelvemonth 2001 and 2002 the authorities of Pakistan carried out a series of audience of three-party spouses and stakeholders ( Labour Department, trade brotherhoods, employers and NGOs ) in all the states. The aim was to place the businesss and the classs of work, which may be considered as risky under the commissariats of ILO Convention 182 ( Arshad, 2007 ) .
MATCHING WITH THE LABOUR MARKET
Policy Actions:
1. Courses at the secondary and higher secondary degree shall be reviewed with a
position to doing them more relevant to the demands of the labor market in order to
better prepare those pupils non traveling on to farther surveies.
2. A survey shall be conducted to measure the impact of proficient matriculation and
explore ways of presenting an improved system of proficient and vocational
instruction at high school degree.The watercourse shall offer bipartisan nexus with the
academic watercourse and besides provide links to a revamped vocational and proficient
sector at higher degrees.
3. Approaches shall be found to supply pupils with a window to the universe of
work. This could affect short assignments with the local endeavors and
establishments or “ occupation shadowing ‘ attacks to familiarize pupils with the work
environment.
4. A calling counsel and service shall be introduced at secondary and upper
secondary degrees, if non in each school, at least for school bunchs. This shall
affect local employers in supplying information about occupation gaps and the
nature of work demands. ( MOE, 2009 )
Chapter 3: Methodological and Analytic Choices
Chapter 4: Appraisal and Analysis

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Question 61

ESSAY

In “Between Laughter and Tears,” a review about Their Eyes Were Watching God, Richard Wright (author of Black Boy and Native Son)writes of Zora Neale Hurston:
Miss Hurston can write, but her prose is cloaked in that facile sensuality that has dogged Negro expression since the days of Phillis Wheatley. Her dialogue manages to catch the psychological movements of the Negro folk-mind in their pure simplicity, but that’s as far as it goes. Miss Hurston voluntarily continues in her novel the tradition which was forced upon the Negro in the theatre, that is, the minstrel technique that makes the “white folks” laugh. Her characters eat and laugh and cry and work and kill; they swing like a pendulum eternally in that safe and narrow orbit in which America likes to see the Negro live: between laughter and tears. . . The sensory sweep of her novel carries no theme, no message, no thought. In the main, her novel is not addressed to the Negro, but to a white audience whose chauvinistic tastes she knows how to satisfy. She exploits that phase of Negro life which is “quaint,” the phase which evokes a piteous smile on the lips of the “superior” race.
Richard Wright’s criticism reminds us that African American writers of the Harlem Renaissance often created pieces that were supported or consumed by white audiences. Is he accurate in his assessment of Hurston? How does Hurston handle the complications of the writer-audience relationship? In what ways does she live up to the expectations of a predominantly white audience, as understood by Wright? How does Hurston challenge these expectations? Use examples from the novel as well as secondary sources to support your argument.
1500 Words minimum ( not including the Works Cited). Remember to follow MLA format. Use Times New Roman font, double-space, number your pages, and provide a Works Cited page. Listed in the Works Cited should be the primary source(s) and a minimum of four secondary sources (an article, book, or other materials that you have found in your research; at least two must be peer-reviewed). Whatever is listed in the Works Cited should also be cited parenthetically in the body of your essay.

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Question 62

A summary of wal-mart chapter

Wal-Mart Essay Summary

Wal-Mart, the largest corporate organization in the world and the largest employer in the private sector in the United States, is a success story in the corporate world.

The history of Wal-Mart dates back to the year 1962. Initially, it was a single store which was the initiative of one Sam Walton who has since died. It has weathered the storm of competition and has now grown in size to a worldwide corporation. Walton had at the time of starting Wal-Mart opened 20 stores which were competing against 250 from Kmart.

Walton was dynamic in operating the organization. He made sure that he maintained the principles of marketing and those of customer satisfaction, a factor that made Wal-Mart become the single biggest retailer worldwide.
International sales have been increasing at an impressive average of 13 percent, which is a dream for any company or any corporation anywhere in the world, no matter how large it is. In the year 2000, Wal-Mart realized an increase of 46 percent in international sales which translates to 16.8 percent of all the corporate sales combined.
This corporation however has its shortcomings in the way it relates with its employees and the obligations to its corporate responsibilities. On the part of human resource, Wal-Mart gives its employees lows benefits even though they add great value to the corporation, and health benefits have been lost. Wal-Mart does not consider the values of the grassroots community but rather of more importance to it is profit together with economic growth.
Wal-Mart’s contribution to the local communities is enormous given that it employs many people. When it opens a new outlet, it employs people from the surrounding local community and in this way it improves the living conditions of the people from these communities.
Given the current rate of unemployment and job losses, Wal-Mart has taken the lead role in solving this problem and has helped many people who otherwise would not have been in any form of gainful employment to at least get something to do for the sustenance of their lives and those of their dependants.
But there is the negative side to this employment issue. Wal-Mart has for all the years been an insensitive employer. Besides poor pay, the working hours are inconsistent and this is a great inconvenience to the workers. Long working hours and unpredictable working schedule characterizes the experiences the employees of Wal-Mart have to go through.
This retail outlet giant has made it a rule that its employees should not join any labor organization or union of any kind.
Several attempts by the workers’ representatives to force Wal-Mart allow them to join labor organizations have all come cropper. Court cases have been ruled in favor of the employer to the detriment of the employee, and this seems not to bother the management of Wal-Mart.
Wal-Mart has adopted capitalist as its politico-economic approach. This therefore means that in any venture, it is guided not necessarily by the interests of the general society or more specifically those of the local communities, but rather by what gains they stand to get from them in terns of profits from the investment.
This is capitalism per excellence and this approach has made Wal-Mart to have an edge over its competitors, who seem to favor a combination of both reasonable profits and good conditions for the workers.
Wal-Mart is not a good neighbor. It thrives on capitalizing on the weaknesses of and inability of its competitors. Five years after Wal-Mart enters into a new market, all the existing retail businesses start recording losses and others close shop.
This leaves Wal-Mart to monopolize the market and therefore the customers have no alternative but to consume what is on offer at the Wal-Mart outlets. This amounts to monoculture as it thrives on cultural homogenization.
It manages to draw away attention from a local competitor by selling its commodities at very low prices, in fact at prices below the actual price making it impossible for any other business, however strong and committed it may be, to lose out and leaving Wal-Mart to dominate the market.
This homogenization is actually due in part to confusion. While its intention on the one hand is to ensure that it has an upper hand in the market share, it also genuinely thinks that this is good corporate practice (Jacques et al pp 7-10).

Question 63

“Still Life in Landscape” by Sharon Olds

Drunk driving is a known problem throughout the world, there are many accidents and deaths that occur each day because of stupidity and ignorance. In many cases families are torn apart and left heartbroken for the rest of their lives because of drunk driving. Drunk driving is the number one major cause of accidents and deaths on the road. Carelessness is responsible for drunk driving, and can be easily avoided, it can deal a great amount of pain and suffering and change the lives of many.
The poem sets up a true meaning of what reality really is and can be seen and interpreted through the different perspectives by the child, reader and audience. The child in the poem in “Still Life in Landscape” by Sharon Olds interprets the poem as being reality and see’s for herself the dangers that exist. The child’s description of what she sees send a strong image to the reader that reality does exist and these things happen everyday.
The gruesome imagery in this poem is used to make a strong statement about reality. All these examples can be explored even further. The author in “Still in Landscape” uses some very descriptive gruesome imagery to describe the scene of the car crash. The imagery that is used in this poem is intended to make a very strong impact on how reality is really displayed and what really goes on in the world. The author narrates the poem through the eyes of the child and describes what the child sees and feels. A woman was lying on the highway, on her back, with her head curled back and tucked under her shoulders so the back of her head touched her spine between her shoulder-blades, her clothes mostly accidented off, and her leg gone, a long bone sticking out of the stub of her thigh, my mother grabbed my head and turned it and clamped it into her chest, between her breasts”(Lines 3-13). The child is seeing reality at first hand and her mother can only grab her head and turn it clamped into her chest.

The mother is not really protecting her child by just holding her but representing the endless number of bystanders in the world that do nothing about people that create and cause these tragedies. Throughout the poem in “Still Life in Landscape” the child is experiencing a true feeling of what reality really is. She sees the horrible scene of the crash site with the woman lying on her back with the back of her head touching her spine. “A woman was lying on the highway, on her back, with her head curled back and tucked under her shoulders so the back of her head touched her spine”(Lines 3-5).
This description of what the child sees at the crash site makes you shiver and makes you feel query and makes you realize that this is really what goes on in the world. The consequences to drunk driving can be unforgettable when the outcome comes out to be death or pain to another family. Tragedy is happening all around us. We do not always see it. The cars do not always collide, but people still drive drunk. This problem will continue to grow, and people will continue to suffer. This is what reality is really about. But is there anyway to prevent situations like this?
Will it ever stop? That is what the poem is addressing. Reality is that people die, all the time, due to stupidity and ignorance. Society usually believes only what it really wants to believe, it wants to ignore reality and live a healthy life without any circumstances, but that’s not how it is. If People witness or experience actual events of disaster or trauma only then do they really experience true reality. Carelessness can have a great impact on society or on an individual whether it showing up in drunk driving or any other problem related to reality.
Works Cited
Sharon Olds, The Upswept Room (2003) NY: Alfred A. Knopf, p. 23.

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Question 64

Project

Tutors Nest

Imagine you are a consultant to the Project Case Study organization. You have been asked to assess the organization in terms of the vision to become a more diverse organization and to provide a narrated PowerPoint presentation with the result of your assessment. What are the key issues this organization is facing? What specific recommendations would you provide to promote organizational development? What factors should be considered when trying to change the restaurant’s culture to embrace diversity further? How can employees be supported to embrace such a change?
To prepare for this assignment, review the case study media and the learning resources for this week.
By Day 7
Submit a narrated PowerPoint presentation (up to 12 slides) as if you were a consultant to the case study organization. In addition to your recommendations for organizational development, your presentation should provide a brief summary about previously completed project components from Weeks 2, 3, and 5, incorporating any feedback you may have received from your Instructor.
Your presentation should include the following recommended slides:

Title and references slide
Summaries of previous Project assignments:

1–2 slides summarizing your Week 2 Project. Be sure to include the tools you used for the job analysis and the job description.
1–2 slides summarizing your Week 3 Project assignment.
1–2 slides summarizing your Week 5 Project assignment.

New content regarding organizational development:

2–3 slides discussing how you would assess organizational effectiveness.

What are the key issues this organization is facing?
What factors should be considered when trying to change the restaurant’s culture to embrace diversity further?

2–3 slides sharing recommendations on what you would do to promote organizational development:

What specific recommendations would you provide to promote organizational development?
How can employees be supported to embrace change?
Be sure to explain why the recommendations you make would be beneficial to improve the organizations effectiveness

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Question 65

The Ultimate Punishment: a Defense by Ernest Van Den Haag

The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense by Ernest Van Den Haag In The Ultimate Punishment, Van Den Haag talks about the death penalty in the United States and takes the stance that it is morally justifiable and sometimes needs to be a punishment that is used to gain retribution. He states, “It ends the existence of those punished, instead of temporarily imprisoning them. ” A murderer has taken away the lives of other people, as well as punishing the family members indirectly causing them pain. Therefore not only is this retribution to the person who was killed, but also to the people that the victim was survived by.
The first section of this article is about distribution of equality. Van Den Haag states, “The ideal of justice demands that justice be equally distributed, not that it be replaced by equality. Justice requires that as many of the guilty as possible be punished, regardless of whether others have avoided punishment. ” In other words justice to him is the idea that everyone will ‘get what they deserve’ or ‘an eye for an eye’ type of treatment. And even if somehow others have slipped through the cracks that doesn’t mean we should let more people do it too.
Also that just because a few people have been wrongfully murdered it is part of the better good because of the number of people that have been rightfully convicted. Deterrence is also a big part of his views on the death penalty. “I believe the death penalty, because of its finality, is more feared than imprisonment, and deters some prospective murders not deterred by the threat of imprisonment. ” Therefore if one person’s life is saved by the deterrence factor of a potential murderer not killing due to being afraid of the death penalty it is well worth it.

Justice is also brought up in the last section of his article. Ernest believes that if you decide to commit the crime and still knowingly commit it when you know your consequences then why would you not be forced to suffer them? The following quote from Van Den Haag sums up his thoughts on the topic in one line, “By murdering, the murderer has so dehumanized himself that he cannot remain among the living. The social recognition of his self-degradation is the punitive essence of execution.

Question 66

ASSIGNMENTQ WHY DID I CHOOSE DM

Free Essay Examples

Well teaching profession Is something that I have choose for my career and I have been dreaming of becoming a well known professor or teacher who can help out his students to bringing the best within them . People think teaching profession as some kind of Job which we can apply for when we don’t have anything better to do or as an last option , even many of my friends who without undergoing any training they are teaching in high school and college alike.
But according to me teaching profession is one of the most and I admire every teachers n respect each of them for their effort to educate the students. Well enough of going round now let me come to the point , Like said before teaching profession is not an last option for me and know myself that without any training I won’t be able to give my best , so to gear up my with the teaching technique’s and to know about the students I told myself that have to undergo this B.
De. Course and for that I apply to this prestigious DMS College Of Teachers Education since It Is the only college where not only Ideas ND lecture’s are taught but many non curriculum starting from games and sports , quizzes and many other competition are held to bring about the all round development of the students which is very important to improve our personality . If we inquire in other college this things are very rarely held in this busy scheduled of today’s routine .

And so getting admission here is a one more step nearer to my goal and I praise almighty that it is with his grace that I got admission here and I would do my best in the coming days so that when I leave I could step out of this college with a usage to carry for the society and leave many sweet memories alike during my stay here .

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Question 67

Men and Women Eating Disorders

Eating Disorders

Modern society’s inclination to appreciate thin people has led to a significant increase in the incidence of eating disorders. While eating disorders are highly associated with women, the condition is not gender oriented and as such, can inflict both sexes. This paper discusses eating disorders that occur to both men and women.
What is an Eating Disorder?
Eating disorder is a condition where victims generally make use of food to achieve physical or emotional objective. This means that people with eating disorders may deprive themselves of food so they will become thin, or use starvation as a means to deal with unwanted feelings or emotions. Eating disorder is popularly associated with two conditions, the anorexia nervosa and bulimia, both of which, can be generally defined as the extreme concern to body weight and image although such other conditions as rumination disorder and pica, which primarily occur among infants are also considered as eating disorders. Another form of eating disorder is binge eating which is most common among people who are on a diet.

Psychologist Kelly Bemis described anorexia nervosa as “a complex physical, emotional, and behavioral changes occurring in individuals who starve themselves because of an aversion to food or weight gain” (Lucas, 2004). Those who suffer from anorexia nervosa are characterized by a false perception about their body size. This perception leads to self inflicted starvation or refusal to eat and which consequently results in severe weight loss that has devastating health and mental implications. Other weight loss strategies include vomiting several times in a day, using laxatives and over exercising.
People who suffer from bulimia, on the other hand, are also characterized by the same extreme weight and image consciousness but they have a craving for food, which causes them to go for binge eating. Bulimics generally feel guilty when they overeat and to prevent themselves from gaining weight, use risky weight loss strategies similarly employed by anorexics. People inflicted with bulimia and anorexia are both characterized with feelings of depression and anxiety.
Unlike bulimia where victims overeat and purge themselves after by vomiting or using laxatives, people with binge eating conditions eat large amounts of food but do not purge themselves. They do not use laxatives nor vomit habitually but merely abstain themselves from eating or they go on a diet. A recent study conducted in Harvard Medical School showed that binge eating is now more prevalent than anorexia and bulimia (Stein, 2007).
Among the symptoms of eating disorders include extreme weight loss; starvation or refusal to eat; frequent vomiting; obsession with exercise; and depression. Eating disorder is both a physiological and psychological condition, victims of which, do not only lose weight but also suffer from other psychological conditions such as depression.
Eating Disorder among Women
The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD) (1995) reported that ninety percent of the people who are inflicted with anorexia and bulimia are women. Eating disorder among women is reported to begin during the teen years, which when left untreated, can persist through adulthood. The onset of eating disorders among some girls are said to follow after traumatic and stressful life experiences such as leaving home or death of a loved one.
In the case of anorexia, women are usually within the range of 90 percent of ideal body weight before they develop the illness (Blinder, 2001). Eating disorders are also most prevalent among teen-age girls. The National Women’s Health Report (1995) accounted that girls who are at risk of developing eating disorders are highly successful individuals who have feelings of insecurity and who may resort to controlling their food intake and weight to make them feel powerful. Eating disorder among women is highly attributed to the society’s preferential treatment to slim women.
One distinct symptom of eating disorder among women is the loss of monthly menstrual cycle, which is the result of being extremely undernourished causing impairment of normal bodily functions such as that of the reproductive organs.
Eating Disorder among Men
The reason why eating disorders have been greatly associated with women is because more women suffer from the disease than men. For this reason, eating disorders, such as anorexia in men may become under-diagnosed because most people, even anorexics, are generally unaware that eating disorders can occur to both men and women (Blinder. 2001). Eating disorders, however, are not gender biased conditions and as such, there are also cases of men suffering from eating disorders. It is, in fact, estimated that ten percent of the eight million people in the United States who suffer from eating disorders are men (“Issues for Men”, 2006).
While symptoms, conditions and implications of eating disorder among men and women are generally almost similar, there are aspects that vary between men and women. For example, eating disorders are more likely to occur in girls who are achievers. In men, most likely sufferers are those who come from lower socioeconomic groups; those who feared competition, and those who were not successful in their academics and in their profession (Blinder. 2001).
If culture dictates that men should be big and strong, why is it that eating disorders occur in some men? According to Blinder (2001), males with eating disorders experience “sexual isolation, sexual inactivity and conflicted homosexuality”. Gays, who are also pressured in becoming physically and professionally successful, are thus most likely victims of eating disorder.
As such, eating disorders is prevalent among male homosexuals. This, however, does not mean that heterosexual males do not develop eating disorders because they do. Male runners and jockeys, for example, who are involved in activities that necessitate low weight and who suffer from too much stress and pressure can develop eating disorders (“Issues for Men”, 2006 ). Unlike women who develop the condition because they perceive themselves to be fat, most men who develop the disease are actually overweight prior to being inflicted with the condition.
Conclusion
While eating disorders have always been associated with women, a number of men also suffer from the condition. There are general similarities in eating disorders between men and women, both sexes primarily use food to lose weight and to deal with emotions. There is however some discrepancy in the characteristics of victims; physical perception and weight prior to illness; and symptoms such that girls lose their menstrual cycles as an effect of starvation. Because the condition is highly associated with women, treatment of males with eating disorders has been difficult. Some male bulimics and anorexics do not realize they suffer from eating disorders because they are not aware that the illness can strike both men and women.
References
Adolescent and Eating Disorders. (1995, Nov. 1). National Women’s Health Report, 17, 3.
Blinder, B (2001). Anorexia in males. Retrieved March 8, 2007 from http://www.ltspeed.com/bjblinder/anmales.htm
Lucas, A. (2004). Demystifying Anorexia Nervosa: An Optimistic Guide to Understanding and Healing. New York: Oxford University Press
Stein, R. (2007, Feb 1.). Bingeing Now Seen As Most Common Eating Disorder. Washington Post, A02

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Question 68

Advertising and Public Relations [APR Module]

Written Essay Overall Weightage 80%

Objective: The assignment is one but divided into 2 sections to ensure both the advertising and Public Relations learning outcomes are tested and achieved.

Please choose from the following list of brands: NTUC Income, Circles Life, Lazada, Grab, Ikea, Mcdonalds, Singapore Kindness Movement, Love, Bonito

Section A

FORMAT Of REPORT

Title of Report: A Report on the Advertising & Public Relations Campaign of NTUC Income (Example)

Introduction to Company – When it started? Who is the CEO? What are their core products and services? What are some awards and accolades? 5 Marks

[Recommended words: 200]

Background to Company – Which industry is the company in? What are their revenues like? Who are their target audience? 10 Marks

[Recommended words: 300]

List of Advertising tools – Advertising [Traditional Media, Social Media], Direct Marketing, Public Relations, Personal Selling and Sales Promotions

Describe 20 Marks

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[Recommended words: 400]

Critique Advertising Strategy – Big Idea, Creative Strategy, Media Strategy and other Tools. Good and bad. 15 Marks

[Recommended words: 300]

Recommendation – Tell me two ways in which the brands can improve itself from an advertising and promotions standpoint 10 Marks

[Recommended words: 200]

Evaluation and Control – How to evaluate the success of the recommendations – Budget – how much is required? 10 Marks

{Recommended words: 100}

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Conclusion – Discuss your overall learning from this project. What are some reflections and personal opinions which you can share? 5 Marks

[Recommended words: 100]

Organisation – 5 marks – will be awarded for formatting. The length of the assessment should not be more than 10 pages (12 font; 1.5 line space; and 1 inch margin in all sides) excluding the cover page, table of contents, references and appendices. Your write up beyond first 10 pages will NOT be marked. Please note that there is a minimum number of 10 references for the assignment; all secondary materials that you use in the assignment must be referenced appropriately.

Word Length – 5 marks – A +- 10% of word count is permissible.

Referencing – 5 marks -To follow and use APA citation and referecing format.

SUB TOTAL 90 Marks

Section B

Writing of Press Release – Write a simple press release to describe the 5 Ws and 1 H of the news as described in your advertising strategy and tools.

[Recommended words: 500

SUB TOTAL 10 Marks

TOTAL 100 MARKS

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Question 69

Roles Reversed in A Tale of Two Cities

A Tale of Two Cities

“A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dicken’s is a novel that is steep in great mystery. Dickens writes his characters not as solely good or bad. Each character is fleshed out as a real individual with faults. The doubling of the characters Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay is a central technique used by Dickens. In this case he not only pairs together opposites in values but makes them look exactly alike. Many people claim that Carton is the “bad” one who has a great transformation and Darnay is the good one.
However, after examining the text of “A Tale of Two Cities” it is clear that Darney is full of contradictions and Carton who is morally stable. Carton is a regular drinker and makes no claim otherwise. He is often seen drinking in the text or talking about drinking with a friend. He recounts stories and misadventures from bars. The narrator explains that he is always out late, he has been seen coming home in the early morning hours and he works for Stryver. The reader see Carton has someone how has many bad habits that have been going on for years and years.
Carton is also seen as not competitive or professional at all. Carton saves up all his energy and time to do the one task he has been destined to do – die a hero’s death. He makes the decision to pretend like he is Darnay and take the death punishment for him. In comparison Darnay who is initially thought of as being the good guy is not what he seems to be. Darnay comes form a family who has a long history of being cruel to the French people. They have wrong people again and again for years. He wants to renounce his family name not out of good will but because it absolves him of any responsibility.

He pretends to be someone else when he married Lucie and deceives her for his own gain. Darnay chooses not to stay in Paris and fight for the people his family has wrong. He goes away and hides in London where he is safe from harm. Even at the end of the novel when Darnay should be put to death, he hides from his responsibility. He lets Carton be killed instead of him. Darnay and Carton act as foils to each other in Dickens’ “A Tale of Two Cities”. While Darnay is seen as heroic and Carton is seen as the exact opposite- nothing can be further from the truth.
Is Darnay that is ideal, irresponsible, and immature. Carton is created to be a stark contrast o Darnay. Carton grows into a man who in the end gives his life for the greater good of his family, friends, and society. This is something Darnay has never and will never be able to do. I agree with this criticism because I feel that they are many instances within the novel which support idea that Darnay and Carton are not who they originally seem to be. For example Darnay says “If it ever becomes mine, it shall be put into some hands better qualified to free it slowly […
] so that the miserable people who cannot leave it and who have been long wrung to the last point past endurance, may, in another generation, suffer less” (130). Darnay really does not want his family name. He wants to hide from the past and make it disappear. That is why he chooses to be someone he is not. I believe that the text shows that Darnay is idle and continue to do the same things over and over again. “the events of this week annihilated the immature plans of last week, and the events of the week following made all new again […
] he had watched the times for a time of action, and that they had shifted and struggled until the time had gone by” (251). Unlike Carton who seems in the beginning to be idle and is “rumoured to be seen at broad day, going home stealthily to his lodgings, like a dissipated cat” (90). However, in the end it is Carton who dies for what he believes to be right and states “It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known. ” (374) .

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Question 70

Electronic Health Records Presentation

Imagine you have been selected to participate in a prestigious internship in a health care organization working for the chief information officer (CIO). Your internship consists of a series of projects you will complete throughout this course.
Consider the following scenario:
In the first week of your internship, the CIO approaches your team and asks you to research electronic health records (EHRs). She says, “I must give a presentation at a staff meeting next week, and I’d like you to complete the research and create the slides and notes for me. The presentation must focus on EHRs, which our organization is considering implementing. Please be thorough with the speaker notes.”
The CIO adds that you must consider the effect EHR has on health care
Develop an 3 -slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation that includes the information the CIO requested in the scenario.
List major points in the slides. Include detailed explanations in the speaker notes that correlate to each point.
Include videos, audio, photos, diagrams, or graphs as appropriate.
Include at least 2 references to support your presentation.
Format your presentation according to APA guidelines.

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Question 71

Discussion post

While Google is not a search engine that is recommended for academic research, we are going to use it in this forum to explore information literacy in a way that should be familiar for you.
Go to www.google.com and type – Fukushima nuclear disaster – in the search box.
Note there are more than 1.5 ‘million’ hits for this topic and think about these questions.
What are you expecting to find in the first few hits? Do you think the hits on the first page will be the best? The newest? From the best sources?
Now scroll down to the bottom of the page and click on page 10. Select any page greater than page 10 and review the ‘hits’ on that page. Create a 200 word reaction to what you learned about information literacy. Tell us what page you chose, detail the source quality, age of the sources, whether any are paid ads, etc. and be sure to provide specific examples and links to sources on your page.
Your initial thread is due by Wednesday midnight
Respond meaningfully (75 words minimum) to two or more of your peers by Sunday midnight.
Please address your colleagues’ postings in one or more of the following suggested ways:

Ask a probing or clarifying question.
Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
Offer, support, or challenge a position
Validate an idea with your own experience.
Expand on your colleague’s posting.
Ask for evidence that supports the posting.

EN 111 Discussion Rubric

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Question 72

Writing Response Visual Material Rhetorics

This week we move into visual rhetoric and material rhetoric, how they engage with each other in what scholar Amy Propen terms “interpaly” and how space and place figure into each.
in the discussing and defining these rhetorics we will learn about visual culture, which is comprised of how we experience the world. Propen explains further stating, [W]e see based on what we know. That is, our prior knowledge, cultural contexts, and learned assumptions about the world around us influence our interpretations of visual artifacts.” Visual rhetoric draws on and is informed by visual culture.
Rhetoric is about meaning making. Visual rhetoric utilizes cultural context to shape and make meaning.
As Propen notes: “Visual Rhetoric then draws on visual culture to consider ways in which rhetorical action [meaning making] is ‘enacted primarily through visual means, made meaningful through culturally derived ways of looking and seeing and endeavoring to influence diverse publics’” (Olsen qtd. in Propen xv).
What Propen wants us to understand is that the visual and the material, the actual tangible artifact, interact with each other. We will explore what she means by this and how she comes upon the term: visual-material rhetorics. An example of visual-material rhetoric at work is the map.
What we get in introducing visual and material rhetoric to our thinking about art, is a different way to look at art and how we engage with it by thinking about how the visual is in fact interacting with us. Many times interpreting art, we interpret it based on our contemporary moment. Visual rhetoric demands that we take cultural context into account in order to make sense what we see and what we know.

Provide an example of visual, material, or visual-material rhetorics. Be sure to include the image. Explain why and how you chose it, and what narrative you think it conveys. How is it engaging with cultural context? How is it being interpreted? Are there any power dynamics at play? Does it engage in a certain place in a particular way?

You don’t have to answer all these questions, but they provide ways to get into the analysis of the image you choose.
This is a 500-word Forum due Sunday by 10:00 a.m. PST. I’m giving you some extra time with this so be thoughtful in your choice and have fun with it.

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Question 73

Health Care Operation and quality assessment paper

Unit outcomes addressed in this Assignment:

Assess quality and techniques for improving quality and safety.

Course outcome addressed in this Assignment:
HA540-3: Research methods of assessing quality and techniques for improving quality and safety
Instructions:
In this assignment, you will be researching dimensions of quality and safety in healthcare, specifically long- term care, and how various industries can apply these concepts to improve operations.

Using the Medicare Nursing Home Compare website, research one nursing home that displays a low level of quality as indicated by their Five Star Rating*

The nursing home should display a low level of quality (-2 star rating)
The nursing home should display a low level of safety

Provide a general overview of the nursing home (e.g., name, location, bed size, ownership, etc.)
Discuss the quality performance of the nursing home as evident by its most recent health care inspection (e.g., deficiencies, citations, financial penalties, etc.). This can be accomplished by thoroughly reading the nursing home’s statement of deficiencies and plan of action to correct quality deficiencies (CMS Form 2567).
Discuss the safety performance of the nursing home as evident by its most recent life safety inspection (e.g., life safety citations, financial penalties, etc.). This can be accomplished by thoroughly reading the nursing home’s life safety code statement of deficiencies and plan of action.
Discuss appropriate techniques that you would use to improve quality in the nursing home.
Discuss appropriate techniques that you would use to improve safety in the nursing home.
Be sure to include details about the deficiencies that you found.
Report your findings by using the methods below:

3-4 page paper excluding front and back matter (APA standards apply).

This paper is worth 250 points!

PLAGIARISM IS HIGHLY UNACCEPTABLE!

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Question 74

Decision Making Process Paper

Decision-Making Process Paper MGT/230 June 26, 2011 Abstract The decision-making process has six stages. These stages consist of identifying and diagnosing the problem, generating alternative solutions, evaluating alternatives, making the choice, implementing the decision, and evaluate the decision. Choosing to go back to school and what school to attend was a problem that I had that needed to be figured out. I did not use the decision-making process; if I had I am not sure if my decision would have been the same.
Deciding to go back to school was something I thought about for a few months but taking the steps to do so was something that only took an hour to do. The decision-making process has six stages but I may have only taken three of those steps in my process. The decision-making stages are to identify and diagnose the problem, generate alternative solutions, evaluate alternatives, make the choice, implement the decision, and evaluate the decision (Management, 2011). To identify and diagnose the problems means to recognize a problem or something he of she wants to do that exist and solve it.
Generate alternative solutions can be divide into two categories, which are ready-made solutions and custom-made solutions. Ready made solutions are solutions you have tried before or advice from others with similar problems, and custom made solutions are solutions designed for a specific solution. Evaluate alternatives means deciding which solution will be best and which solution will fit the problem that you have. After considering all the solution, you will have to make a choice. Once you have made your choice, implement the decision.

Implement the decision means to take action. Start the plan to solve your problem. The last stage is to evaluate the decision by collecting information on how well the decision is working. These are the six stages of the decision-making process. My problem was deciding ongoing back to school and which school to attend. My steps were to think about what would be best and my family in regard to me to go back to school, which school to go to, and apply to that school. My family was involved in y process because I wanted their input on everything that I did. My first step was to discuss the idea ongoing back to school, which to my family was not an issue because they believed that I had so much knowledge that I needed to do something with it, but I was hesitant because of my children. My second step was to decide which school to attend. The choice was between University of Phoenix and Gaston Community College. I choice these two schools because my stepmother goes to Phoenix and she advised me it would be a good opportunity.
Gaston Community College was a suggestion my boyfriend had because it was close to where I lived but the only problem was my children were not in daycare, so who would be able to watch them and I was in school. Another problem was they did not offer any online programs that year in my field. My decision was easy because I thought of my children first. The last step I took was applying to University of Phoenix. I did not take the same steps as the decision-making process contains but I may have taken a few.
I did identify that I had a problem, came up with solutions, make a choice and implemented my decision. The decision-making process has six steps, but I only used four of those steps in my process. If I had used the decision-making process my decision may be different. If I had thought about every detail of my life, for example, my children going to school this year, I may have chosen the community college because it would have been convenient at the time.
Also if I had taken the steps to talk to daycares about putting my youngest child in one, I would not have to worry about finding a babysitter when I went to school. The decision-making process would have made me ask questions about what I wanted and what I could do. The process also would have allowed me to evaluate my decision and determine if a community college would have been right. My problem was going back to school and which school to attend.
I may not have followed the decision-making process but I do believe I have made the right choice. The decision-making process has six stages: identify and diagnose the problem, generate alternative solutions, evaluate alternatives, make the choice, implement the decision, and evaluate the decision. The decision-making process can be very effective if one were to use it. Reference Bateman, T. S. , and Snell, S. A (2011). Management: Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World (9th e. d. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

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Question 75

How to Support Individuals With Specific Communication Needs

Communication Essay

Unit 4222-324 (HSC 3029)

Understand specific communication needs and factors affecting them

Explain the importance of meeting an individual’s communication needs

Individuals who have communication problems need support to enable them to express themselves effectively. It is therefore important for the carer to be aware of the individuals preferred method of communication and also to support the individual to use their preferred method.
Individuals have the right to communicate through their chosen method and their choice should be acknowledged and respected by supporting them. The individual’s right are particularly important when using specific communication methods and language because it’s their major way of communicating their needs and preferences.
Communication is a basic human right. Without communication the individual is unable to realise or exercise their rights. Under the Human Rights Act 1998 all individuals have the right to ‘freedom of expression’. If unable to communicate they would be denied these rights.

Explain how own role and practice can impact on communication with an individual who has specific communication need

As a carer it is your role and responsibility to support individuals to express themselves. The way in which you can do this is by assessing their needs, access information regarding their communication needs, providing the appropriate support, aids or equipment, encouraging and motivating communication, working with others and by monitoring the effectiveness of that support.
Without the appropriate support the individual would be unable to express their needs or how they are feeling which can lead to both emotional and physical difficulties. By fully supporting individuals with specific communication needs you are able to support their rights.

Analyse features of the environment that may help or hinder communication

It is difficult and frustrating to communicate effectively when there is background noise, therefore arranging the environment to aid communication is very important step to achieving effective communication with ndividuals. As a carer you should arrange the individual’s environment to facilitate effective communication and promote understanding. This can be done by ensuring privacy and going into a quiet room.
Some factors that can hinder good communication are:

Poor lighting, individuals with poor sight are unable to see you
Background noise from the TV, radio, other individuals
Obstacles between you as a care worker and the individual eg furniture
Insufficient distance between you and the individual, leading to you encroaching on their personal space.

Analyse reasons why an individual may use a form of communication that is not based on a formal language system

Sensory disabilities Hearing loss Sight loss Learning disabilities Down’s syndrome Autism Physical disabilities Cerebral palsy Mental health problems Dementia Other mental health problems

Identify a range of communication methods and aids to support individuals to communicate

British sign language (BSL)
Picture exchange communication systems (PECS)
Talking microwaves
Hearing aids
Interpreter
Translator
Advocate

Describe the potential effects on an individual of having unmet communication needs.

Behaviour – If an individual is not supported to communicate effectively they can become increasingly withdrawn, depressed and isolated. This may affect their self-esteem and they may begin to develop feelings of frustration and uselessness. Their behaviour may change as they vent their frustrations with acts of anger or even violence. Others may become confused, angry and frustrated.
These effects include:

Physical and emotional problems
Depression Isolation, becoming withdrawn from others
Frustration
Low self esteem
Loss of confidence
A feeling of uselessness

Be able to contribute to establishing the nature of specific communication needs of individuals and ways to address them
Work in partnership with the individual and others to identify the individual’s specific communication needs

Talking to the individual or observing the individual interacting with others.
Accessing previous records after permission has been sought from the appropriate person.
Talking to colleagues who know the individual. Talking to family members
Talking to other professionals

Contribute to identifying the communication methods or aids that will best suit the individual

By observing the individual when they are communicating with you or others you will be able to identify the methods or aids which will best suit the individual. You may have noticed that the individual appears hard of hearing. You would then arrange a hearing test for the individual to establish if they have a problem and obtain equipment in the form of hearing aids, if needed.
2. Explain how and when to access information and support about identifying and addressing specific communication needs. During an initial assessment an individual’s ability and communication methods are established. This is done when an individual arrives into care. Everyone involved in the care of this service user is made aware of their needs and preferences regarding communication and any changes are recognised during reviews and shared with the team to ensure the individual’s needs are met.

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Be able to interact with individuals using their preferred communication 3. prepare the environment to facilitate communication
Use agreed methods of communication to interact with the individual
Monitor the individual’s responses during and after the interaction to check the effectiveness of communication

By observing an individual’s communication cues (non-verbal signal used with or without speech to indicate the individual’s thoughts and feelings) and exercising effective listening, you will be able to determine if the individual has understood the communication. By asking closed questions you will be able to confirm that they have understood what has been said. Also by asking them to repeat what you have discussed you will be able to confirm their understanding.

Adapt own practice to improve communication with the individual.

use closed questions to obtain yes or no answers
use open questions to encourage a more in-depth answer
avoid asking too many things at once to prevent confusion
allow the individual time to respond
not interrupt the individual whilst they are communicating or anticipate their response
show the individual that you are interested in them.

Use appropriate body language such as nodding, smiling and leaning towards the individual.

Avoid using jargon
Be aware of the different meanings of words e. g. Jam, could mean a preserve or could mean a blockage as in traffic jam.
Keep communication simple

Be able to promote communication between individuals and others
Support the individual to develop communication methods that will help them to understand others and be understood by them

As a carer you should encourage and motivate individuals to communicate by providing the correct support, aids and equipment. It is your responsibility to ensure that the individuals you provide care for and others involved in the individuals’ lives are able to communicate effectively.
For communication to be effective everyone involved will need to have the same understanding of the communication method used. When supporting individuals with their communication you may need to support others with whom that individual wishes to communicate. This could include other carers, family, friends, peers or professionals.

Provide opportunities for the individual to communicate with others
Support others to understand and interpret the individual’s communication
Support others to be understood by the individual by use of agreed communication methods

For communication to be effective all the people involved will need to have the same understanding of the communication method used. When supporting individuals with their communication you may need to support others with whom that individual wishes to communicate. Support may involve the use of human aids, symbolic aids and technical aids.
You will need to explain the appropriate communication method and also show the others how the communication aids work. Wherever possible the support given should encourage the individual to do as much of the communicating as independently as possible.

Know how to support the use of communication technology and aids
Identify specialist services relating to communication technology and aids

Aids and equipment are often provided through the social services department of your local council. The National Health Service (NHS) Hospital Eye Service can also prescribe a range of aids for people with partial sight. All blind and visually impaired people are entitled to a health and social care assessment from their local council.
This means someone from social services will assess their needs to make sure you get the equipment and services that are right for them. The local social services department can put them in touch with a rehabilitation worker, who can help individuals to communicate more easily

Describe types of support that an individual may need in order to use communication technology and aids

Support may be provided in various forms. Some users will require regular support and advice with regard to use of the communication aid. Support can also come from within the user’s own family. It is important to identify the level of support each individual user has within their own environment. Family members can be of great help in supporting the user especially in the initial stages of using the communication aid.
In order to ensure that the user obtains the maximum benefit from the new technology, training must be provided. The most important training needs for the user is competence in the use of the communication aid. This should consist of instruction in the operation of the particular communication equipment as well as maintenance and charging of the equipment if necessary. It may be important to provide training to all the carers, or it may be appropriate to select a few to be trained to deal with different aspects of the communication aid and its use in the environment.
Explain the importance of ensuring that communication equipment is correctly set up and working properly. As a carer it is important that you ensure any equipment the individual use’s to communicate with, is available, working and is in a safe condition. With regards health and safety, electrical communication equipment should be checked by a qualified and approved electrician to ensure it is fit for use. The equipment should have a label attached to it stating when the equipment was tested, who by and when the next check is due.

Be able to review an individual’s communication needs and the support provided to address them
Collate information about an individual’s communication and the support provided

The initial assessment will be carried out as stated earlier collating all risks and preferences from the individual. This information together with the communication method the individual prefers and any aids which they use to support their communication will then be written into the individuals care plan so that any changes to the base line can be monitored.
This record should include the nature of their communication differences, how they show themselves and ways which you have found are effective in overcoming the differences.

Contribute to evaluating the effectiveness of agreed methods of communication and support provided

The agreed methods of communication and support are only effective for as long as the individuals communication skills remain the same. If their skills change then so do their support needs. As a carer you will be expected to recognise and report on changes to the individual’s communication skills.

Work with others to identify ways to support the continued development of communication

It is important that everyone involved in the care of the individual works as part of a team to establish the best support for that person. When changes occur it is important that the correct help and support is obtained immediately so that the individual does not feel frustrated or isolated by being unable to communicate effectively. Significant changes in an individual’s ability to communicate should be referred to the speech therapist or GP involved in the individual’s care for professional investigation and monitoring.

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